Pre-concentration of phenolic compounds in water samples by novel liquid–liquid microextraction and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Abstract
Pre-concentration and determination of 8 phenolic compounds in water samples has been achieved by in situ derivatization and using a new liquid-liquid microextraction coupled GC-MS system. Microextraction efficiency factors have been investigated and optimized: 9 microL 1-undecanol microdrop exposed for 15 min floated on surface of a 10 mL water sample at 55 degrees C, stirred at 1200 rpm, low pH level and saturated salt conditions. Chromatographic problems associated with free phenols have been overcome by simultaneous in situ derivatization utilizing 40 microL of acetic anhydride and 0.5% (w/v) K(2)CO(3). Under the selected conditions, pre-concentration factor of 235-1174, limit of detection of 0.005-0.68 microg/L (S/N=3) and linearity range of 0.02-300 microg/L have been obtained. A reasonable repeatability (RSD or =r(2)> or =0.9975) of results illustrated a good performance of the present method. The relative recovery of different natural water samples was higher than 84%.
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The combined LPME-SFO/derivatization GC-MS method for eight phenolic compounds in water samples provided an enrichment factor of 235-1174.
“It provided an enrichment factor of as high as 235-1174”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
Faraji et al. [21] utilized combined LPME-SFO/derivatization procedures for the determination of eight phenolic compounds in water samples by GC-MS.
“Faraji et al [21] utilized combined LPME-SFO/derivatization procedures for the determination of eight phenolic compounds in water samples by GC-MS.”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
The combined LPME-SFO/derivatization GC-MS method for eight phenolic compounds in water samples had LODs in the range of 0.005-0.68 μg L-1.
“the LODs range of 0.005-0.68 μ g L -1 .”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
The combined LPME-SFO/derivatization GC-MS method for eight phenolic compounds in water samples achieved good linearity (r > 0.995) in a calibration range of 0.02-300.00 μg L-1.
“A good linearity ( r > 0.995) in a calibration range of 0.02-300.00 μ g L -1 was achieved.”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
Application of LPME-SFO coupled with derivatization provides a one-step derivatization and extraction technique, resulting in simplified operation steps and shortened analysis time.
“Application of LPME-SFO coupled with derivatization provides a one-step derivatization and extraction technique, resulting in the operation steps being simplified and the analysis time shortened.”
From Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
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Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques
Spietelun, A., Marcinkowski, Ł., de la Guardia, M., & Namieśnik, J. (2014) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.050 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Vera-Avila, L. E., Rojo-Portillo, T., Covarrubias-Herrera, R., & Peña-Alvarez, A. (2013) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.052 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop
WANG, Y.-Y., ZHAO, G.-Y., CHANG, Q.-Y., ZANG, X.-H., WANG, C., & WANG, Z. (2010) · Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60073-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Faraji, H., Tehrani, M. S., & Husain, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Husain, Syed Waqif
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 1216
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- 8569-8574
- ISSN
- 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966088820
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- phenolic compounds, liquid-liquid microextraction, preconcentration, water samples, in situ derivatization, acetic anhydride derivatization, natural water analysis
- MeSH terms
- Chemical Fractionation, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Phenols, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Limit of Detection
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