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Cited by 37Transportation Planning and OptimizationHuman Mobility and Location-Based AnalysisUrban Transport and Accessibility

Understanding individual-level travel behavior changes due to COVID-19: Trip frequency, trip regularity, and trip distance

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Lee, Sujin, Ko, Eunjeong, Jang, Kitae, Kim, Suji·2023·Cities
DOI 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104223PMC PMC9889257
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Abstract

Understanding different mechanisms in trip changes depending on transportation modes due to COVID-19 pandemic is the key to providing practical insights for healthy communities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual-level travel behavior in Daejeon Metropolitan City, South Korea. Using smart card and private vehicle records, we explored different travel behaviors exhibited while using buses and private vehicles. An individual's travel behavior was represented in trip frequency, trip regularity, and trip distance and was compared weekly for about three months, including the initial period of pandemic. A significant decrease in trip frequency during non-peak hours on weekdays and during weekends indicates that people reduced non-mandatory trips more than commuter trips. This was also verified in that, as the number of infection cases increased, trip regularity with 24-hour intervals intensified. People maintained the size of their activity boundaries but reduced their daily trip distances. The interesting point is that private vehicle usage increased for shorter trip distances while bus usage dropped regardless of the ranges of trip distances under the pandemic. The findings provide evidence of possible inequality issues in transportation during the pandemic and can help make precautionary policies for future pandemics.

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  • Housing deprivation in Asaba's informal settlements is not monolithic but comprises three underlying latent dimensions: infrastructural, structural, and environmental.

    “The principal component analysis applied determined that housing deprivation is not a monolithic concept, but involves three underlying deficit latent dimensions infrastructural, structural, and environmental [14,24].”

    From Deconstructing the Affordability versus Quality Nexus: A Principal Component Analysis of Latent Housing Deficits in Urban Informal Settlements in Asaba, Delta State-Nigeria (2025) · cites this paper as [14]

    The Introduction describes a study of COVID-19-related travel behavior in Daejeon, and the Data description identifies bus and private-vehicle trip records as its data. Searches for Asaba, housing deprivation, principal component analysis, and the proposed latent dimensions found no passage addressing the claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lee, S., Ko, E., Jang, K., & Kim, S.
Affiliations
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Suji
ORCID
Venue
Cities
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-04
Volume
135
Pages
104223
ISSN
0264-2751 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cities.2023.104223
PMC
PMC9889257
OpenAlex
W4318831887
Cited by
37
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7
FWCI
7.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cities (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Research Foundation of Korea
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
  • Social Sciences › Transportation › Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, travel behavior, travel frequency, trip distance, bus ridership, private car use, transportation inequality, Daejeon Metropolitan City

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