Spectrum of changes on cardiac magnetic resonance in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: Imaging according to surgical considerations
Abstract
Imaging of repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the common indications for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations. With advances in CMR imaging techniques like phase contrast imaging and functional imaging, it has superseded investigations like echocardiography for anatomical and functional assessment of the pathophysiological changes in repaired TOF. Common repair procedures for TOF include infundibulectomy, transannular patch repair and right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit. While each of these procedures cause dynamic changes in heart and pulmonary arteries resulting in some expected imaging findings, CMR also helps in diagnosing the complications associated with these repair procedures like pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm, pulmonary regurgitation, RV-PA conduit stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular failure, and residual ventricular septal defects. Hence, it is imperative for a radiologist to be familiar with the expected changes on CMR in repaired TOF along with some of the common complications that may be encountered on imaging in such patients.
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LGE technique can aid in assessing the risk of arrhythmias.
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Late gadolinium enhancement distribution pattern can offer valuable insights to discriminate between pathological processes like ischemic cardiac disease, previous inflammatory processes, and cardiomyopathy.
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- Authors
- Ojha, V., Pandey, N. N., Sharma, A., & Ganga, K. P.
- Affiliations
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Arun
- Venue
- Clinical Imaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 69
- Pages
- 102-114
- ISSN
- 0899-7071 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3042922932
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Imaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- repaired tetralogy of Fallot, cardiac magnetic resonance, transannular patch repair, right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm, pulmonary regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, right heart failure, residual ventricular septal defect, postoperative complications, phase contrast imaging, functional cardiac imaging
- MeSH terms
- Heart Ventricles, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies, Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
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