Fine-tuning GPT-3 for legal rule classification
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Human Value Alignment concentrates on harmonizing AI models with human ethics and values to ensure decisions and actions mirror societal norms and ethical standards, involving integration of ethical decision-making and adaptation of AI outputs to conform with human moral values.
“This emerging aspect concentrates on harmonizing AI models with human ethics and values to ensure that their decisions and actions mirror societal norms and ethical standards, involving the integration of ethical decision-making processes and the adaptation of AI outputs to conform with human moral values [265], [89], [266].”
From From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q* (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
Human value alignment is increasingly important in scenarios where AI interacts closely with humans, such as healthcare, finance, and personal assistants, to ensure decisions are technically sound and ethically and socially responsible.
“This is increasingly important in scenarios where AI interacts closely with humans, such as in healthcare, finance, and personal assistants, to ensure that AI systems make decisions that are not only technically sound, but also ethically and socially responsible, which means human value alignment is becoming crucial in developing AI systems that are trusted and accepted by society [89], [267].”
From From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q* (Q-Star): A Survey on Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
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McIntosh, T. R., Susnjak, T., Liu, T., Watters, P., Xu, D., Liu, D., & Halgamuge, M. N. (2025) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies13020051 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“…techniques like prompt-based and few-shot learning [73], [74], [75], [76], alongside supervised fine-tuning on specialized datasets [60], [77], [78], [79], have enhanced the adaptability of LLMs in various contexts, but challenges remain, particularly in bias mitigation and the generalization…”
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- Authors
- Liga, D., & Robaldo, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Swansea University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Liga, Davide
- Venue
- Computer Law & Security Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 105864
- ISSN
- 2212-473X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386435222
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 12
- FWCI
- 47.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computer law & security review (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Artificial Intelligence in Law
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal Language and Interpretation
- Keywords
- GPT-3, large language models, fine-tuning, GDPR, constitutive rules, legal text annotation
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