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Patients with Obesity Caused by Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations Can Be Treated with a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist
Open accessAbstract
Pathogenic mutations in the appetite-regulating melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) represent the most common cause of monogenic obesity with limited treatment options. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) cause weight loss by reducing appetite. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg for 16 weeks in 14 obese individuals with pathogenic MC4R mutations (BMI 37.5 ± 6.8) and 28 matched control participants without MC4R mutation (BMI 36.8 ± 4.8). Liraglutide decreased body weight by 6.8 kg ± 1.8 kg in individuals with pathogenic MC4R mutations and by 6.1 kg ± 1.2 kg in control participants. Total body fat, waist circumference, and fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations similarly decreased in both groups. Thus, liraglutide induced an equal, clinically significant weight loss of 6% in both groups, indicating that the appetite-reducing effect of liraglutide is preserved in MC4R causal obesity and that liraglutide acts independently of the MC4R pathway. Thus, liraglutide could be an effective treatment of the most common form of monogenic obesity.
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“Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used in the treatment of obesity because it induces weight loss 21-23 and maintains low-calorie diet-induced weight loss for at least 1 year, 11,24 primarily by means of appetite inhibition. 25”
From Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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“Short-term studies have demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) induce weight loss by promoting satiety and reducing hunger16–19.”
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“there is evidence from a small clinical study with liraglutide20 that they may be effective in people with MC4R deficiency.”
From Tirzepatide leads to weight reduction in people with obesity due to MC4R deficiency (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined
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“ment with liraglutide has been shown to benefit patients with obesity caused by MC4R mutations.(64,65) However, liraglutide has not been approved for this indication.”
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“Besides genetic factors, nongenetic factors may also partially explain why some carriers are able to remain of normal weight, as weight loss surgery [46–48], lifestyle interventions [49,50], and weight loss medication [51] have been shown to affect the weight of MC4R mutation carriers to some extent.”
BackgroundBrouwers, B., de Oliveira, E. M., Martí-Solano, M., Filippin-Monteiro, F. B., Laurin, S., Keogh, J. M., Henning, E., Bounds, R., Daly, C. A., Houston, S., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108862 · Cited by 82
“People with heterozygous MC4R deficiency can respond to treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (Iepsen et al., 2018) and with Roux-en-Y-bypass surgery (Hatoum et al.”
BackgroundWhat Is an L-Cell and How Do We Study the Secretory Mechanisms of the L-Cell?
Kuhre, R. E., Deacon, C. F., Holst, J. J., & Petersen, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.694284 · Cited by 86
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MethodSelf-citationCurrent Treatments for Patients with Genetic Obesity
Faccioli, N., Poitou, C., Clément, K., & Dubern, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-3-2 · Cited by 86
“An equivalent weight loss between the two groups of about 6% of body weight after 16 weeks of treatment was observed with similar improvement in body fat mass, waist circumference, and glucose tolerance (52).”
BackgroundThe Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis
Wu, Y., He, H., Cheng, Z., Bai, Y., & Ma, X. (2019) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203720666190125105401 · Cited by 77
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Argente, J., Farooqi, I. S., Chowen, J. A., Kühnen, P., López, M., Morselli, E., Gan, H.-W., Spoudeas, H. A., Wabitsch, M., & Tena-Sempere, M. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00283-3 · Cited by 57
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“with MC4R mutations, and obesity related to Kinase suppressor of Ras 2 mutation is well treated with metformin [51,52].”
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“…treatment option might be glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists as they have been shown to mediate weight loss in patients with MC4R mutations to a similar degree as in patients with polygenic obesity 39 ; however, they would not target the underlying pathomechanisms at the MC4R.”
Nonogaki, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031600 · Cited by 49
“Moreover, in obese humans with MC4R mutations, liraglutide causes weight loss [55,56].”
BackgroundSetmelanotide: A Novel Targeted Treatment for Monogenic Obesity
Pressley, H., Cornelio, C. K., & Adams, E. N. (2022) · Journal of Pharmacy Technology · doi:10.1177/87551225221116010 · Cited by 48
Iepsen, E. W., Have, C. T., Veedfald, S., Madsbad, S., Holst, J. J., Grarup, N., Pedersen, O., Brandslund, I., Holm, J.-C., Hansen, T., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100006 · Cited by 43
“Accordingly, with our previous article on heterozygous carriers with pathogenic MC4R mutation,5 together with this case report, there is good support for a conclusion that GLP-1 RAs act independently of the MC4R in individuals with severe obesity due to both heterozygous and homozygous pathogenic mutations in the MC4R.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationMECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Update on treatments for patients with genetic obesity
Poitou, C., Mosbah, H., & Clément, K. (2020) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-20-0363 · Cited by 46
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Self-citationMelanocortin‐4 receptor complexity in energy homeostasis,obesity and drug development strategies
Fatima, M. T., Ahmed, I., Fakhro, K. A., & Akil, A. A. (2021) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14618 · Cited by 45
“It has been reported to be effective in many cases of monogenic obesity.(109)”
Backgroundd’Aquino, A. I., Maikawa, C. L., Nguyen, L. T., Lu, K., Hall, I. A., Jons, C. K., Kasse, C. M., Yan, J., Prossnitz, A. N., Chang, E., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101292 · Cited by 49
Hypothalamic neuropeptides and neurocircuitries in Prader Willi syndrome
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Self-citationBenefit-Risk Assessment of Obesity Drugs: Focus on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
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“In contrast to lorcaserin, GLP-1R agonists liraglutide and exendin-4 did not require functional MC4Rs to impact feeding in mice (Figure 4B-C), which corroborates an earlier report in humans with MC4R mutations who were prescribed liraglutide [46].”
Anyiam, O., Ardavani, A., Rashid, R. S. A., Panesar, A., & IDRIS, I. R. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13916 · Cited by 40
Impact of Genetic Variations and Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Risk of Obesity
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Monogenic Obesity; Using Drugs to Bypass the Problem
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AMPK in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: A Key Regulator for Thermogenesis
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“The weight reducing effects of liraglutide on human subjects have been confirmed by many clinical studies, although whether the decrease in body weight is linked to increased energy expenditure or not remains elusive (91, 92).”
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“Larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to determine if GLP-1R agonists are efficacious for weight and hunger improvement in this population [104].”
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Welling, M. S., de Groot, C. J., Kleinendorst, L., van der Voorn, B., Burgerhart, J. S., van der Valk, E. S., van Haelst, M. M., van den Akker, E. L. T., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2021) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12481 · Cited by 27
“on the effects of liraglutide treatment in patients with heterozygous pathogenic MC4R variants and, even more importantly, in a patient with a homozygous pathogenic MC4R variant.(13,14) Moreover, in mice neither the mc4r nor the serotonin 5-ht2c receptor seemed to be required for the anorexigenic effect of liraglutide.”
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“Liraglutide treatment for 16 weeks has been reported to result in comparable weight loss and decrease in HbA1c in patients with MC4R-d and controls (35, 36).”
BackgroundPharmacological profile of once-weekly injectable semaglutide for chronic weight management
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“In addition to being indicated as a treatment for T2D and chronic weight management (including patients with obesity with a monogenetic etiology) [74], subcutaneous semaglutide is currently being investigated as a treatment option for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).”
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MC4R in Central and Peripheral Systems
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“198,199 3”
Tirzepatide leads to weight reduction in people with obesity due to MC4R deficiency
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“GLP-1 receptor agonists predominantly target non-MC4R-dependent neural pathways in mice 19 , and there is evidence from a small clinical study with liraglutide 20 that they may be effective in people with MC4R deficiency.”
A Gut-Intrinsic Melanocortin Signaling Complex Augments L-Cell Secretion in Humans
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Self-citationThe melanocortin‐4 receptor pathway and the emergence of precision medicine in obesity management
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Adults with pathogenic MC4R mutations have increased final height and thereby increased bone mass
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Syndromic and Monogenic Obesity: New Opportunities Due to Genetic-Based Pharmacological Treatment
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“…for 16 weeks in a woman with homozygous pathogenic MC4R mutation, morbid obesity, and T2D, resulting in a decrease in body weight of ~10 kg, similar to weight loss in heterozygous MC4R mutation carriers and common obesity; thus, it can act independently of the MC4R mutation status [76,77].”
BackgroundZhao, G., Zhang, Q., Wu, F., Yin, S., Xie, Y., & Liu, H. (2022) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2117152 · Cited by 13
“Although the patients in this study were mainly adults and young people, it could provide ideas for the future treatment of childhood obesity in melanocortin-4 receptor mutations [45].”
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Gokul, P. R., Apperley, L. J., Parkinson, J., Clark, K., Lund, K., Owens, M., & Senniappan, S. (2024) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000537921 · Cited by 10
“Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogue, has been shown to be bene fi cial in some individuals with pathogenic MC4R mutation [5].”
Song, Z., Tang, Y., Peng, M., Han, R., & He, P. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18091261 · Cited by 15
“Variants in key obesity-related genes, such as FTO and MC4R, may influence individual variability in this response [51–53].”
Proopiomelanocortin deficiency diagnosed in infancy in two boys and a review of the known cases
Graves, L. E., Khouri, J. M., Kristidis, P., & Verge, C. F. (2021) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.15407 · Cited by 15
Mainieri, F., Bella, S. L., Rinaldi, M., & Chiarelli, F. (2024) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05427-4 · Cited by 15
“Treatment with liraglutide, a GLP1 analogue, has led to weight loss in terms of adipose and lean mass, as well as improvement in metabolic parameters, in patients carrying pathogenic variants of MC4R due to the pro-satiating effect of GLP1 analogues [55–57].”
Gad, H., Mohammed, I., Dauleh, H., Pasha, M., Al-Barazenji, T., Hussain, K., & Malik, R. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1385463 · Cited by 10
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Action on Hypothalamic Feeding Circuits
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Novel therapeutics in rare genetic obesities: A narrative review
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Updates on Rare Genetic Variants, Genetic Testing, and Gene Therapy in Individuals With Obesity
Zuccaro, M. V., LeDuc, C. A., & Thaker, V. (2024) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-024-00567-y · Cited by 12
“Some reports have suggested that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogs might be effective in the treatment of individuals with MC4R deficiency [103], Alström syndrome [104 •• ], 16p11.”
Pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with monogenic obesity
Kühnen, P., Wiegand, S., & Biebermann, H. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2020-0129 · Cited by 10
“Recently, the successful treatment of patients with heterozygous MC4R mutations with the GLP1R agonist Liraglutide has been described [26].”
BackgroundÇamtosun, E., Akıncı, A., Kayaş, L., Çiftçi, N., & Tekedereli, İ. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021.0158 · Cited by 10
“89 SDS), and upon obtaining the consent of the family, liraglutide treatment was initiated (8).”
BackgroundInfluentialMierzwa, M., Bik-Multanowski, M., Ranke, M. B., Brandt, S., Flehmig, B., Małecka‐Tendera, E., Mazur, A., Petriczko, E., Wabitsch, M., Wójcik, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.972174 · Cited by 9
“, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist is effective in weight reduction in patients with MC4R mutations, and obesity related to Kinase Suppressor of Ras-2 (KSR2) mutation is well treated with metformin (21, 28, 30).”
BackgroundSalazar-Valencia, I. G., Villamil‐Ramírez, H., Barajas-Olmos, F. M., Guevara‐Cruz, M., Kauffer, L. R. M., Garcia‐Ortíz, H., Hernández-Vergara, O., de Sandy-Galán, D. A. D., León‐Mimila, P., Centeno-Cruz, F., et al. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13122267 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide was found to induce similar weight loss in obese patients with and without MC4R mutations, suggesting MC4R mutation carriers can be treated with this agonist [17].”
BackgroundWelling, M. S., Mohseni, M., van der Valk, E. S., van Hagen, J. M., Burgerhart, J. S., van Haelst, M. M., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106199 · Cited by 9
“Earlier studies have shown that liraglutide can induce weight loss and improve hyperphagia in patients with various genetic obesity disorders, such asMC4R deficiency.(11,12) However, to our knowledge, there is no literature available about the effect of NB treatment in patients with genetic obesity disorders.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGroot, C. J. D., Poitou, C., Coupaye, M., Clément, K., Paschou, S. Α., Charmandari, E., Kanaka‐Gantenbein, C., Wabitsch, M., Buddingh, E. P., Nieuwenhuijsen, B., et al. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02619-y · Cited by 9
Klein, M. P., Aktürk, H. K., Snell‐Bergeon, J. K., & Shah, V. N. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241245680 · Cited by 10
“16 Their results demonstrated statistically similar responses to Liraglutide treatment (assessed through weight loss and glucose lowering) between those with MC4-R mutations and those without.”
Welling, M. S., de Groot, C. J., Mohseni, M., Meeusen, R. E. H., Boon, M. R., van Haelst, M. M., van den Akker, E. L. T., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102709 · Cited by 8
“16 – 18 Given the need for data on pharmacological treat-ment in larger cohorts of patients with genetic obesity, we performed a real-world, observational study in which we will describe the results of treatment with liraglutide or naltrexone-bupropion.”
BackgroundMethodd’Aquino, A. I., Maikawa, C. L., Nguyen, L. T., Lu, K., Hall, I. A., Jons, C. K., Kasse, C. M., Yan, J., Prossnitz, A. N., Chang, E., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.28.526057 · Cited by 8
“While this research has the potential to impact people with T2D, as they would benefit directly from a long-acting GLP-1 drug product that can reduce treatment burden and improve disease management, numerous recent studies suggest that such a product can improve the quality of treatment for people with obesity or T1D…”
BackgroundCollet, T., & Schwitzgebel, V. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1509994 · Cited by 10
Welling, M. S., van Rossum, E. F. C., & van den Akker, E. L. T. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf004 · Cited by 6
Genetic Landscape of Obesity in Children: Research Advances and Prospects
Khusainova, R. I., Minniakhmetov, I. R., Vasyukova, O. V., Yalaev, B. I., Ринатович, С. Р., Kopytina, D. A., Guseinova, R. M., Dobreva, E. A., Mel'nichenko, G. A., Dedov, I. I., et al. (2025) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/jobe/9186826 · Cited by 8
“Currently, no available data exist on the use of GLP-1 analogs in other monogenic forms of obesity [159].”
Monogenic obesity due to MC4R deficiency: lessons from a multigenerational case
Giannopoulou, E. Z., Zorn, S., Schirmer, M., Brandt-Heunemann, S., von Schnurbein, J., Nestoris, C., Moawia, A., Siebert, R., Denzer, C., & Wabitsch, M. (2026) · Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s40348-025-00214-z · Cited by 6
“GLP-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide and semaglu-tide have demonstrated potential for weight loss in this population, though existing studies are limited by small sample sizes [38, 39].”
Welling, M. S., Kleinendorst, L., van Haelst, M. M., & van den Akker, E. L. T. (2023) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000531529 · Cited by 6
Genetics, pharmacotherapy, and dietary interventions in childhood obesity
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Tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad para médicos de Atención Primaria
Rubio, M. Á., Fernández-García, J. M., Andújar, R. C., Altozano, C. S., & Carpi, J. J. U. (2019) · Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN · doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2019.04.005 · Cited by 12
Recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity in the Iraqi population
Nwayyir, H. A., Mutasher, E. M., Alabid, O. M., Jabbar, M. A., Al-Kawaz, W. H. A., Alidrisi, H. A., Alabbood, M., Chabek, M., Alzubaidi, M. A., Alkhazrajy, L. A., et al. (2023) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2023.2172914 · Cited by 6
“Pathogenic MC4R mutations are worth considering seeing as patients carrying these mutations can still benefit from Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists [38,39].”
BackgroundGong, Y., Wu, Q., Huang, S., Fu, Z., Ye, J., Liu, R., Lin, S., Guan, W., Yang, N., Li, J. Z., et al. (2023) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202300007 · Cited by 5
From genes to care: the expanding therapeutic horizon in rare genetic obesities
Chalopin, S., Guillon, E., Faucher, P., Dubern, B., Clément, K., & Poitou, C. (2025) · Obesity and Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/obendo/wjaf007 · Cited by 4
The genetics of obesity: aetiology, prevention and therapy
Bonnefond, A., Bruner, W. S., Grant, S. F. A., Morandi, A., & Froguel, P. (2026) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01497-w · Cited by 5
“…reports and small series have documented favourable outcomes with agents such as liraglutide (that is, a GLP1 receptor agonist) or bupropion– naltrexone (that is, a dopamine–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor combined with an opioid receptor antagonist targeting central appetite pathways) 120,121 .”
Albor, C., Anyiam, O., Boyle, L., Makaronidis, J., Tan, R. J. L., Iftikhar, S., Burzić, A., Lajeunesse‐Trempe, F., Stanley, M., Bhatti, A. I., et al. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00707-6 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of Pharmacological Rescue of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Nonsense Mutations by Aminoglycoside
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“Recently, the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist treatment has been evaluated in short-term clinical studies [44].”
Novel Targets in Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity—Lesson from Rare Mutations
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A new era in childhood obesity
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Management of Childhood Obesity
Gad, H., Dauleh, H., Mohammed, I., Malik, R. A., & Hussain, K. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27083528 · Cited by 4
Byberg, S., Holt, J., Sandsdal, R. M., Holm, L. A., Madsen, L. B., Christensen, B., Jensen, S. B. K., Hansen, T. F., Holm, J., & Torekov, S. S. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082446 · Cited by 4
“16 24 Thus, GLP-1 RA-based treatment may also facilitate weight loss in youth with insufficient treatment response to non-pharmacological care alone.”
Self-citationNovel homozygous leptin receptor mutation in an infant with monogenic obesity
Boro, H., Bundela, V., Mannar, V., Nagendra, L., Jain, V., Jain, B., Kumar, S., V, & Agstam, S. (2023) · Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.129344 · Cited by 2
“Drugs like GLP-1 analogues (liraglutide in a dose of 3 mg) have been tried in monogenic obesity due to MC4 mutations, but without effective results [32].”
BackgroundInnovative Care for Children and Adolescents with Severe and/or Genetic Obesity
Schirmer, M., Zorn, S., von Schnurbein, J., & Wabitsch, M. (2025) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000544177 · Cited by 2
“2 deletions also bene fi t from GLP-1 RA therapy [32 – 34].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Iepsen, E. W., Zhang, J., Thomsen, H. S., Hansen, E. L., Hollensted, M., Madsbad, S., Hansen, T., Holst, J. J., Holm, J.-C., & Torekov, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- Hvidovre Hospital (DK)
- Holbæk Sygehus (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Iepsen, Eva W.
- Torekov, Signe S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-32.e3
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2806545464
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden
- Region Sjælland
- Danish Diabetes Academy
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond (NNF15CC0018486)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- melanocortin-4 receptor, MC4R mutations, monogenic obesity, liraglutide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, weight loss, appetite regulation, fat mass, fasting and postprandial glucose, obesity treatment
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Liraglutide, Adult, Appetite, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Obesity, Weight Loss, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4
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