A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management

Pi-Sunyer, Xavier; Astrup, Arne; Fujioka, Ken; Greenway, Frank; Halpern, Alfredo; Krempf, Michel; Lau, David C.W.; le Roux, Carel W.; Violante Ortiz, Rafael; Jensen, Christine Bjørn; Wilding, John P.H.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892

Cited by 2,724Pharmacology and Obesity TreatmentDiabetes Treatment and ManagementRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management

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Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Astrup, Arne, Fujioka, Ken, Greenway, Frank, Halpern, Alfredo, Krempf, Michel, Lau, David C.W., le Roux, Carel W. +3 more·2015·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1411892

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences, but weight loss is difficult to maintain through lifestyle intervention alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, has been shown to have potential benefit for weight management at a once-daily dose of 3.0 mg, injected subcutaneously. METHODS: We conducted a 56-week, double-blind trial involving 3731 patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 if they had treated or untreated dyslipidemia or hypertension. We randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide at a dose of 3.0 mg (2487 patients) or placebo (1244 patients); both groups received counseling on lifestyle modification. The coprimary end points were the change in body weight and the proportions of patients losing at least 5% and more than 10% of their initial body weight. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.1±12.0 years, the mean weight was 106.2±21.4 kg, and the mean BMI was 38.3±6.4; a total of 78.5% of the patients were women and 61.2% had prediabetes. At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P<0.001, with last-observation-carried-forward imputation). A total of 63.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group as compared with 27.1% in the placebo group lost at least 5% of their body weight (P<0.001), and 33.1% and 10.6%, respectively, lost more than 10% of their body weight (P<0.001). The most frequently reported adverse events with liraglutide were mild or moderate nausea and diarrhea. Serious events occurred in 6.2% of the patients in the liraglutide group and in 5.0% of the patients in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 3.0 mg of liraglutide, as an adjunct to diet and exercise, was associated with reduced body weight and improved metabolic control. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01272219.).

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Real-world pancreatitis rates of approximately 4 to 8 per 1000 person-years with GLP-1RA are several fold higher than in the major weight loss RCTs of liraglutide.
“These real‐world pancreatitis rates of approximately 4 to 8 per 1000 person‐years with GLP‐1RA are several fold higher than in the major weight loss RCTs of liraglutide RCT. 17 , 18 , 19 , 26”
From Real‐world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer <scp>GLP</scp> ‐ <scp>1RA</scp> ‐based weight‐loss therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Side Effects and Adverse Events section (p. 8) reports 0.4 pancreatitis events per 100 patient-years in the liraglutide group, equivalent to 4 per 1000 patient-years. The cited trial rate is therefore equal to the low end of the stated real-world range of 4–8 per 1000, not several-fold lower. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A 3 mg dose of liraglutide can result in an average weight loss of 5.6 kg over nearly one year in overweight or obese individuals without diabetes.
“Previous large randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that a 3 mg dose of liraglutide can result in an average weight loss of 5.6 kg over nearly one year in overweight or obese individuals without diabetes [71].”
From New Developments in Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—Beyond and within GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results (p. 1) report that the liraglutide group lost a mean of 8.4 kg at 56 weeks. The cited 5.6 kg is the difference in mean weight loss between the liraglutide and placebo groups, not the average loss among those receiving liraglutide. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Liraglutide, the first incretin therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for obesity management in patients without diabetes, induced and maintained a modest 8% decrease in body weight over 56 weeks.
“Liraglutide, the first incretin therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for obesity management in patients without diabetes, induced and maintained a modest 8% decrease in body weight over a period of 56 weeks (41).”
From The Benefits of Exercise Training in Combination With Weight Loss Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
The Body Weight results (p. 4) report a mean 8.0% weight loss with liraglutide after 56 weeks, and the Discussion (p. 10) says it was generally maintained while patients continued treatment. The paper describes liraglutide as a GLP-1 analogue studied in adults without diabetes, but our copy does not establish that it was the first incretin therapy FDA-approved for obesity management in that population. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the SCALE Phase 3 trial, liraglutide 3.0 mg produced mean weight reduction from baseline to week 56 of −8.0% versus −2.8% for placebo.
“liraglutide, the first GLP- 1 RA approved for chronic weight management (in 2014) was shown in the SCALE Phase 3 trial to produce mean weight reduction from baseline to week 56, of − 8.0% with liraglutide 3.0 mg versus − 2.8% with placebo (last-observation-carried-forward imputation—LOCF) [3].”
From New drugs for the treatment of obesity: do we need approaches to preserve muscle mass? (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
The Body Weight results (p. 4) report mean weight loss at 56 weeks of 8.0% with liraglutide 3.0 mg versus 2.6%, not 2.8%, with placebo. Table 2 (p. 6) likewise gives −2.6% for placebo; its −2.8 figure is in kilograms. The paper discusses LOCF imputation, but that does not make the cited placebo percentage correct. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It is common in obesity pharmacotherapy trials that more people in the placebo group are lost to follow-up than in the active treatment group.
“It is common in obesity pharmacotherapy trials that more people in the placebo group are lost to follow-up than in the active treatment group.8,10,35”
From Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined followed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Trial Population (p. 3) reports that fewer placebo patients completed 56 weeks of treatment than liraglutide patients (64.4% versus 71.9%). This supports greater noncompletion in this trial, but it does not establish that the pattern is common across obesity pharmacotherapy trials. Study Procedures and End Points (p. 2) also says early withdrawers were asked to return at week 56, so treatment noncompletion is not necessarily loss to follow-up. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

GLP-1RAs have emerged as key agents for weight management, based on their marked efficacy as observed in randomized controlled trials.
“Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have emerged as key agents for weight management, based on their marked efficacy as observed in randomized controlled trials.”
From Real‐world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer <scp>GLP</scp> ‐ <scp>1RA</scp> ‐based weight‐loss therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Body Weight results (p. 4) show substantial weight loss with liraglutide versus placebo in this randomized trial, supporting the efficacy point. But the study tests one GLP-1 analogue in overweight or obese adults without diabetes; it does not establish that GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class have emerged as key weight-management agents. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In both RCTs and adverse event reporting databases, mild to moderate gastrointestinal disturbances have been frequent, occurring in approximately 80% of GLP-1RA treated patients across all major weight loss RCTs.
“Accordingly, in both RCTs and in adverse event reporting databases, mild to moderate gastrointestinal disturbances have been frequent, primarily nausea, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal reflux, bloating, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation, 21 , 85 occurring in approximately 80% of GLP‐1RA treated patients across all major weight loss RCTs. 17 , 19 , 25 , 74”
From Real‐world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer <scp>GLP</scp> ‐ <scp>1RA</scp> ‐based weight‐loss therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Side Effects and Adverse Events section (pp. 7, 9) reports common gastrointestinal events in the liraglutide trial, with at least 94% of those events described as mild or moderate. But the 80.3% figure on p. 9 is for patients with any adverse event listed in the table, not gastrointestinal disturbances; this single trial also does not establish that rate across all major GLP-1RA weight-loss RCTs or adverse-event databases. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
GLP-1RAs were originally approved for diabetes treatment with the notable side effect of pronounced weight loss.
“Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are a class of medications that were originally approved for diabetes treatment with the notable side effect of pronounced weight loss.23–25”
From The Effect of Semaglutide and GLP-1 RAs on Risk of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
The introduction (p. 1) says liraglutide was approved for type 2 diabetes and that weight loss with it is dose-dependent. The Body Weight results (p. 4) document substantial weight loss at 3.0 mg. These passages support the claim for liraglutide, but do not establish that GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class were originally approved for diabetes or characterize weight loss as a side effect of those approvals. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Liraglutide 3.0 mg daily has demonstrated modest weight reduction (~6%) while maintaining lean mass when paired with adequate protein intake and physical activity.
“Among approved agents, liraglutide 3.0 mg daily has demonstrated modest weight reduction (~ 6%) while maintaining lean mass when paired with adequate protein intake and physical activity [74].”
From Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
The Body Weight results (p. 4) report 8.0% mean weight loss with liraglutide versus 2.6% with placebo; the table on p. 6 gives a 5.4-percentage-point difference, which is close to the cited ~6% but is not the liraglutide group's total weight loss. The Discussion (p. 10) confirms increased physical activity as part of the intervention. Our copy does not report that adequate protein intake preserved lean mass. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Weight reduction with GLP-1s is more rapid during the first 6 months and slows thereafter, with relative plateauing at 18 months.
“Generally, weight reduction is more rapid during the first 6 months and slows thereafter, with relative plateauing at 18 months [13, 14, 15].”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Body Weight section (p. 4) reports weight loss with liraglutide maintained over 56 weeks. It does not state that loss was faster during the first six months or slowed thereafter; the study’s reported weight-loss period also does not establish plateauing at 18 months. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
GLP-1s reduce body weight by 5% to 18% in trials, with modestly lower effects in real-world analyses.
“GLP‐1s reduce body weight by 5% to 18% in trials, with modestly lower effects in real‐world analyses, and multiple demonstrated clinical benefits.”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Body Weight section (p. 4) reports mean weight loss of 8.0% after 56 weeks with liraglutide, supporting a trial effect within the claimed range. This single trial does not establish a 5%–18% range across GLP-1 trials, and our copy does not report real-world analyses or compare their effects with trial results. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Although limited direct evidence has evaluated use of GLP-1s with or without RDN-provided MNT, the SCALE, STEP 1, SURMOUNT, and STEP 3 trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP-1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals.
“Although limited direct evidence has evaluated use of GLP‐1s with or without RDN‐provided MNT, the SCALE [13], STEP 1 [14], SURMOUNT [15], and STEP 3 [178] trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP‐1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Long-term adherence to obesity medications in a real-world setting is challenging because the medications are expensive and gastrointestinal adverse events are common.
“Despite the large weight losses with obesity medications, long-term adherence in a real-world setting is challenging since the medications are expensive and gastrointestinal adverse events are common.8,10,11”
From Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined followed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The Side Effects and Adverse Events section (pp. 7, 9) reports common gastrointestinal events with liraglutide and says they were the most common reason for withdrawal in that group. The paper does not establish that medication expense impedes adherence or assess long-term adherence in a real-world setting; it reports a controlled trial. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In an RCT of 3731 individuals with obesity, compared with placebo, liraglutide achieved a mean weight loss of 8.0% at 56 weeks (difference, 5.4%; 95% CI, 5.8%-5.0%).
“In an RCT of 3731 individuals with obesity, compared with placebo, liraglutide achieved a mean weight loss of 8.0% at 56 weeks (difference, 5.4%; 95% CI, 5.8%-5.0%).85”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [85]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Initially the gallbladder events were attributed to GLP-1RA-induced weight loss, as in the SCALE and LEADER trials, the patients with gallbladder events had more than average weight loss.
“Initially the gallbladder events were attributed to GLP-1RA-induced weight loss, as for example in the SCALE and LEADER trials, the patients with gallbladder events had more than average weight loss”
From Safety of Semaglutide (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
In Side Effects and Adverse Events (p. 7), the SCALE trial reports that patients with gallbladder-related events lost more weight than the overall mean. The Discussion (p. 11) says this is consistent with the known association between weight loss and gallstones, but notes that other mechanisms may be involved; it does not establish that weight loss caused the events. This paper does not report the claimed LEADER-trial comparison. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subcutaneous liraglutide 3 mg once daily produced a weight reduction of -8.0% compared with -2.8% for placebo after 56 weeks.
“Liraglutide (S/C) [3 mg OD for 30 days] Treatment À8.0% (À8.4 kg) vs. placebo À2.8% (À2.8 kg) [after 3 mg OD for 56 weeks] [25]”
From Estimated minimum prices and lowest available national prices for antiobesity medications: Improving affordability and access to treatment (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
The Body Weight section (p. 4) reports mean weight loss after 56 weeks of 8.0% (8.4 kg) with liraglutide and 2.6% (2.8 kg) with placebo. The cited sentence correctly gives the liraglutide result but appears to mistake the placebo group's 2.8 kg loss for 2.8%. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The SCALE trial of 3.0 mg once daily liraglutide achieved a mean 8.4 kg weight loss in patients with obesity without T2DM.
“The Satiety and Clinical Adiposity Liraglutide Evidence (SCALE) Obesity and Prediabetes randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 3.0 mg of once daily liraglutide achieved a mean 8.4 kg weight loss in patients with obesity without T2DM [7].”
From The Road towards Triple Agonists: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon Receptor - An Update. (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The safety profile observed was consistent with findings from other incretin-based therapies, particularly similar to the safety profile of GLP-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide and semaglutide used for obesity treatment.
“The safety profile observed was consistent with findings from other incretin-based therapies, particularly similar to the safety profile of GLP-1RA like liraglutide and semaglutide used for obesity treatment [27, 42].”
From Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Multiple GLP-1 medicines, including exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, reduce plasma CRP levels in people living with T2D and/or obesity.
“Multiple GLP-1 medicines, including exenatide (15), liraglutide (16), semaglutide (17, 18), and tirzepatide (19), reduce plasma CRP levels in people living with T2D and/or obesity.”
From Antiinflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide-1–based therapies beyond metabolic benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, is used in the treatment of obesity because it induces weight loss and maintains low-calorie diet-induced weight loss for at least 1 year, primarily by means of appetite inhibition.
“Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used in the treatment of obesity because it induces weight loss 21-23 and maintains low-calorie diet-induced weight loss for at least 1 year, 11,24 primarily by means of appetite inhibition. 25”
From Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The three GLP-1RA-based agents currently approved for weight loss have all shown clear efficacy in promoting weight loss in randomized controlled trials.
“The three GLP‐1RA‐based agents currently approved for weight loss have all shown clear efficacy in promoting weight loss in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 17 , 18 , 19 that is, in settings with good medication adherence among participants and a follow‐up of typically one to two years. 15”
From Real‐world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer <scp>GLP</scp> ‐ <scp>1RA</scp> ‐based weight‐loss therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Liraglutide 3.0 mg achieves ~8% weight loss in SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes.
“~8% weight loss in SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes [12, 74].”
From Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
The health benefits seen with continued treatment with the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide during this study were achieved with a safety profile consistent with that previously reported in SURMOUNT and SURPASS trials and in studies of incretin-based therapies approved for the treatment of obesity and overweight.
“The health benefits seen with continued treatment with the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide during this study were achieved with a safety profile consistent with that previously reported in SURMOUNT and SURPASS trials and in studies of incretin-based therapies approved for the treatment of obesity and overweight.18,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32”
From Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
The health benefits seen with continued treatment with the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide during this study were achieved with a safety profile consistent with that previously reported in SURMOUNT and SURPASS trials and in studies of incretin-based therapies approved for the treatment of obesity and overweight.
“The health benefits seen with continued treatment with the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide during this study were achieved with a safety profile consistent with that previously reported in SURMOUNT and SURPASS trials and in studies of incretin-based therapies approved for the treatment of obesity and overweight.18,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32”
From Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the SCALE-trial, high-dose liraglutide for obesity was associated with an increased risk of gallbladder events compared to placebo (2.5% versus 1.0%).
“In the SCALE-trial, high-dose liraglutide for the treatment of obesity was associated with an increased risk of gallbladder events compared to placebo (2.5% versus 1.0% of patients, respectively)”
From Safety of Semaglutide (2021) · cites this paper as [84]
Semaglutide has shown a placebo-subtracted weight loss of -12.7 kg versus -5.6 kg for liraglutide after 68 weeks.
“Regarding the subcutaneous treatments, the EMP for semaglutide was similar to liraglutide, whereas semaglutide has been shown to be more than twice as effective, with a PSWL of À12.7 kg versus À5.6 kg respectively, although this was after a longer treatment course of 68 weeks [10,24,25].”
From Estimated minimum prices and lowest available national prices for antiobesity medications: Improving affordability and access to treatment (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Liraglutide produces an average total weight loss of 8.0% (SD 6.7) at 56 weeks.
“Average total weight loss 8.0% +/-6.7 (SD) at 56 weeks 40”
From Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
Naltrexone/bupropion-extended release produced placebo-subtracted weight loss of about 4% to 5% in people without type 2 diabetes.
“Naltrexone/bupropion-ER produced placebo-subtracted weight loss of ~4–5% in persons without T2D750–752”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [750]
The Methods (p. 1) describe a trial of liraglutide versus placebo in people without type 2 diabetes, and Body Weight (p. 4) reports weight loss for those groups. A search for naltrexone/bupropion and the claimed 4–5% placebo-subtracted result found no passage addressing that treatment, so this paper cannot verify the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In a mouse model of obesity and MASLD, 12 weeks of ALT-801 administration reduced body weight by about 25% and ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
“after 12 weeks of peptide administration in a mouse model of obesity and MASLD, a reduction in body weight by ~25% was apparent, concomitant with an amelioration of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis100.”
From Transforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
The Body Weight section (p. 4) reports weight loss after 56 weeks of liraglutide treatment in people, not after 12 weeks of ALT-801 in mice. Searches for ALT-801, a mouse model, and hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis found no passage addressing the attributed result. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
ALT-801 is a potent, once-weekly balanced co-agonist for GLP-1R and GCGR.
“ALT-801, previously known as SP-1373, is a potent, once weekly balanced co-agonist for GLP-1R and GCGR.”
From Transforming obesity: The advancement of multi-receptor drugs (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
The Study Design and Treatments section (p. 2) describes once-daily liraglutide, not ALT-801. Searches for ALT-801, SP-1373, and a once-weekly GLP-1R/GCGR co-agonist found no passage addressing the claim. The paper's different treatment does not establish a contrary finding about ALT-801. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Some incretin therapies, such as semaglutide, have additional benefits for obesity-related chronic diseases, including reductions in cardiovascular mortality and slowing progression of diabetic kidney disease.
“In the case of some incretin therapies, such as semaglutide, additional benefits have also been demonstrated for obesityrelated chronic diseases, including reductions in cardiovascular mortality and slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease (41).”
From The Benefits of Exercise Training in Combination With Weight Loss Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
The Discussion (p. 11) reports improved cardiometabolic risk factors with liraglutide, not the claimed outcomes with semaglutide. The Side Effects and Adverse Events section (p. 10) records one cardiovascular death in each treatment group. No passage found in searches for semaglutide, cardiovascular mortality, or kidney-disease progression supports the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Liraglutide 3.0 mg subcutaneously once daily produced an overall mean weight reduction of 8% in the cited study.
“Liraglutide 3.0 mg subcutaneously once daily | Overall mean = 8%≥5% = 63%≥10% = 33%≥15% = 14%”
From Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022 (2022) · cites this paper as [103]
In 3731 patients without T2DM (BMI ≥27 or ≥30 kg/m2) given LIR 3 mg daily, after 56 weeks average weight loss was 8.40 ± 7.3 kg, with most common adverse reactions mild or moderate nausea and diarrhea.
“Pi-Sunyer (92) et al. enrolled 3731 patients without T2DM (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 or 30 kg/m2) and gave LIR 3mg daily subcutaneous injection. After 56 weeks of treatment, the average weight loss of the patients was 8.40 ± 7.3 kg, and the most common adverse reactions were mild or moderate nausea and diarrhea.”
From GLP−1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach (2023) · cites this paper as [92]
Liraglutide at 3 mg daily for one year reduces body weight by 8.4 kg.
“After a year of treatment at the daily dosage of 3 mg, it was able to reduce body weight by 8.4 kg [33].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
GLP-1 RAs lower body weight in a range of 2-7 kg through early satiety and reduction in appetite, thus lowering caloric intake.
“In addition to lifestyle changes, GLP-1 RAs have been shown to lower body weight in a range of 2–7 kg through early satiety and reduction in appetite, thus lowering caloric intake [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
Several randomised clinical trials have shown that liraglutide 3 mg once daily is associated with reductions in body weight of about 5 kg over periods of 6-12 months in individuals without or with type 2 diabetes.
“Several randomised clinical trials have shown that this dose of liraglutide is associated with reductions in body weight of about 5 kg over periods of 6-12 months in individuals without or with T2DM [15].”
From Recent advances in peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
In people without diabetes, 50.5% to 73% of those treated with liraglutide lose at least 5% of baseline body weight.
“The proportion of subjects who lost ≥ 5% of baseline body weight was 50.5–73% [10–14, 19].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
The FDA efficacy benchmark criteria for weight-management products were met in the phase 2 liraglutide study, SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes, and SCALE Maintenance.
“Both critera were met in phase 2 study [14], SCALE Obesity and Predabetes [10] and SCALE Maintenance [11] trials.”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
In people without diabetes, liraglutide 3.0 mg produces a mean weight loss 3.4% to 6.1% greater than placebo.
“Liraglutide resulted in 3.4 to 6.1% difference in mean weight loss compared to placebo [10–14, 19].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have demonstrated substantial and clinically meaningful weight loss in adults with obesity across multiple randomized controlled trials.
“Liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have demonstrated substantial and clinically meaningful WL in adults with obesity across multiple RCTs.”
From Nutrition and Physical Activity in Optimizing Weight Loss and Lean Mass Preservation in the Incretin-Based Medications Era: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial, liraglutide 3.0 mg daily combined with lifestyle intervention resulted in a mean weight loss of 8.4 ± 7.3 kg over 56 weeks, significantly greater than placebo (2.8 ± 6.5 kg).
“In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial, liraglutide 3.0 mg daily combined with lifestyle intervention resulted in a mean WL of 8.4 ± 7.3 kg over 56 weeks, significantly greater than placebo (2.8 ± 6.5 kg) [18].”
From Nutrition and Physical Activity in Optimizing Weight Loss and Lean Mass Preservation in the Incretin-Based Medications Era: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
Naltrexone plus bupropion extended-release reduces weight on average by about 7% (about 5% placebo-subtracted) and more than either agent alone.
“Naltrexone plus bupropion extended-release reduces weight on average by ≈7% (≈5% placebo-subtracted) [51][52][53][54] and also more than either agent administered alone.55”
From Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
A 56-week intervention with liraglutide 3 mg/day as an adjunct to lifestyle modification resulted in significant weight loss compared with placebo in the SCALE trials.
“a 56-week intervention with liraglutide 3 mg/day as an adjunct to lifestyle modification resulted in significant weight loss compared with placebo [41, 42].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Weight reduction with GLP-1s is generally more rapid during the first 6 months and slows thereafter, with relative plateauing at 18 months.
“Generally, weight reduction is more rapid during the first 6 months and slows thereafter, with relative plateauing at 18 months [13,15,16].”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: A joint advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and the Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The SCALE, STEP 1, SURMOUNT, and STEP 3 trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP-1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals.
“the SCALE [13], STEP 1 [14], SURMOUNT [15], and STEP 3 [169] trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP-1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: A joint advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and the Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
At 56 weeks, patients on liraglutide 3.0 mg lost on average 6.1-8.0% of body weight versus 0.2-4.0% on placebo.
“At 56 weeks, patients on liraglutide 3.0 mg lost on average 6.1–8.0% of BW vs. 0.2–4.0% on placebo15–17”
From Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of obesity-related diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial and its extension, treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg reduced the proportion of patients with prediabetes compared to placebo at 56 weeks regardless of baseline glycemic status.
“treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg reduced the proportion of patients with prediabetes compared to placebo at 56 weeks regardless of baseline glycemic status (7.2 vs. 20.7% and 30.8 vs. 67.3% in patients with normoglycemia and prediabetes)17”
From Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of obesity-related diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
In the SCALE obesity and prediabetes study, patients with obesity without type 2 diabetes on liraglutide 3.0 mg lost 8.0% of total body weight versus 2.6% with placebo after 56 weeks.
“In the SCALE obesity and prediabetes study, in patients with obesity without T2D, patients on liraglutide (3.0 mg, daily subcutaneous injection) lost 8.0% of their total body weight versus 2.6% in the placebo group after 56 weeks of treatment [29].”
From Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
The amount of weight lost with GLP1-RA in this real-world group matches the results of the SCALE, SUSTAIN, and STEP trials.
“The magnitude of weight loss observed with GLP1-RA in this real-life patient population is consistent with findings from the SCALE, SUSTAIN, and STEP clinical trials, which are based on patients without bariatric surgery.”
From Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
The present study includes patients with type 2 diabetes, who have been shown to lose less weight with GLP1-RA therapy.
“The current study includes patients with T2D that have been shown to lose less weight with GLP1-RA therapy [29, 30, 32, 33]”
From Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Previous studies have shown that GLP1-RAs tend to induce less weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without.
“previous studies have shown that GLP1-RAs tend to induce less weight loss in patients with than without T2D [29, 30, 32, 33]”
From Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
In the phase 3 SCALE program in people with obesity without type 2 diabetes, liraglutide 3.0 mg produced placebo-subtracted weight reduction ranging from 3.5% to 6.0%.
“The same liraglutide regimen in the phase 3 SCALE program in people living with obesity but without T2D, demonstrated a body weight reduction versus placebo ranging from 3.5% to 6.0%, 102-106”
From Management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with high‐dose GLP‐1 receptor agonists and GLP‐1 receptor‐based co‐agonists (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly and liraglutide 3 mg once daily have received approval for chronic weight management.
“The efficacy of the injectable GLP-1 RAs semaglutide and liraglutide in inducing WL and weight maintenance through appetite reduction has led to clinical trials assessing higher doses of these molecules as treatments for obesity and both semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly and liraglutide 3 mg once daily have now received approval for chronic weight management [17,18].”
From Oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and combinations of entero-pancreatic hormones as treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes: where are we now? (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The efficacy of injectable GLP-1 RAs semaglutide and liraglutide in inducing WL and weight maintenance through appetite reduction has led to clinical trials assessing higher doses for obesity.
“The efficacy of the injectable GLP-1 RAs semaglutide and liraglutide in inducing WL and weight maintenance through appetite reduction has led to clinical trials assessing higher doses of these molecules as treatments for obesity and both semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly and liraglutide 3 mg once daily have now received approval for chronic weight management [17,18].”
From Oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and combinations of entero-pancreatic hormones as treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes: where are we now? (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
In randomized trials, GLP-1s produce placebo-adjusted weight reduction of 5% to 18% among individuals with obesity or overweight and weight-related complications.
“In the original phase 3 randomized trials for obesity, average weight reduction compared to placebo has ranged from 5.3% to 17.8% after 56 to 72 wk (Table 1), with improvements in several obesity-related risks and complications [[13], [14], [15]].”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Although limited direct evidence has evaluated use of GLP-1s with or without RDN-provided MNT, the SCALE, STEP 1, SURMOUNT, and STEP 3 trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP-1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals.
“Although limited direct evidence has evaluated use of GLP-1s with or without RDN-provided MNT, the SCALE [13], STEP 1 [14], SURMOUNT [15], and STEP 3 [178] trials each demonstrated substantial weight reduction by combining GLP-1s with regular counseling sessions by RDNs or other qualified healthcare professionals (such lifestyle support was also provided to the placebo group in each trial).”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Intention-to-treat 1-year placebo-subtracted weight reduction with liraglutide 3.0 mg was 5.2%, 4%, 3.4%, and 6.1% for SCALE, SCALE Diabetes, SCALE IBT, and SCALE Maintenance, respectively.
“Intention-to-treat 1-year placebo-subtracted weight reduction was 5.2%, 4%, 3.4%, and 6.1% for SCALE, SCALE Diabetes, SCALE IBT, and SCALE Maintenance, respectively.”
From New Frontiers in Obesity Treatment: GLP-1 and Nascent Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone-Based Therapeutics (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Gastrointestinal serious AEs were reported in nine publications including the SCALE, STEP, and SURMOUNT clinical studies.
“Gastrointestinal serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in nine publications [12,36,52,81,85,89,94,98,103] including the SCALE (liraglutide), STEP (semaglutide), and SURMOUNT (tirzepatide) clinical studies.”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes study, no patients reported GI SAEs.
“In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes study, no patients reported GI SAEs [81].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis were reported in two publications as SAEs, affecting 0.2-1.4% of patients treated with liraglutide.
“Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis were reported in two publications as SAEs, affecting 0.2-1.4% of patients treated with liraglutide [67,81].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
In a study by Pi-Sunyer et al., 2015, pancreatitis was reported as an SAE by four (0.2%) patients treated with liraglutide compared with zero in the placebo group.
“In a study by Pi-Sunyer et al., 2015, pancreatitis was reported as an SAE by four (0.2%) patients treated with liraglutide compared with zero in the placebo group [81].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
The proportion of patients experiencing nausea then gradually decreased up to the end of the trial period.
“The proportion of patients experiencing nausea then gradually decreased up to the end of the trial period [42,67,81,95].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
In the SCALE clinical studies (liraglutide), most AEs were mild or moderate in severity, and occurred primarily within the first four to eight weeks of treatment (during dose escalation).
“In the SCALE clinical studies (liraglutide), most AEs were mild or moderate in severity, and occurred primarily within the first four to eight weeks of treatment (during dose escalation).”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [81]
Liraglutide 3.0 mg typically results in 5-7% weight loss.
“liraglutide 3.0 mg typically results in 5–7% weight loss [14]”
From Unintended Consequences of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: A Nutritional Approach to Ensuring Better Patient Outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Nausea (25.0%), vomiting (12.2%), diarrhea (11.6%), constipation (11.0%), and dyspepsia (6.4%) were frequently reported with liraglutide and were tolerated by most patients over time.
“Nausea (25.0%), vomiting (12.2%), diarrhea (11.6%), constipation (11.0%), and dyspepsia (6.4%) were frequently reported, which were tolerated by most patients over time [48–50].”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes cohort, after 56 weeks, weight loss was 8.0% in the liraglutide group versus 2.6% in the placebo group.
“After 56 weeks, a weight loss of 8.0% was achieved in the liraglutide group as compared to 2.6% in the placebo group.”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
In the SCALE Diabetes trial, diabetic patients with obesity (n=846) receiving 3 mg, 1.8 mg liraglutide, or placebo for 56 weeks had weight reductions of 6.0%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively.
“The SCALE Diabetes assigned diabetic patients with obesity (n = 846) to receive 3 mg, 1.8 mg QD of liraglutide, or placebo for 56 weeks and reported weight reduction in the patients (6.0%, 4.7%, and 2.0%, respectively) [49].”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Compared with the 1.8 mg group, the 3.0 mg liraglutide group had greater improvement in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, and number of hypoglycemic agents.
“Compared to the 1.8 mg group, the 3.0 mg group had a greater improvement in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, and the number of hypoglycemic agents.”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes cohort, BP, lipid profiles, HbA1c (−0.30% ± 0.28), and fasting glucose (−7.1 mg/dL ± 0.8) improved in the liraglutide group compared with placebo.
“Moreover, BP, lipid profiles, HbA1c (− 0.30% ± 0.28), and fasting glucose levels (− 7.1 mg/dL ± 0.8) improved in the liraglutide group as compared to those in placebo group.”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
In the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes cohort, weight reduction of at least 5% and at least 10% was achieved by 63.2% and 33.1% of liraglutide participants, respectively, versus 27.1% and 10.6% of placebo participants.
“In addition, weight reduction ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% was achieved by 63.2% and 33.1% of the participants in the liraglutide group, respectively, as well as by 27.1% and 10.6% in the placebo group, respectively [49].”
From Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Prior to the 2014 approval of 3-mg liraglutide, most anti-obesity medications barely achieved the ≥5% threshold for clinically meaningful weight loss.
“Prior to the 2014 approval of 3-mg liraglutide for this indication (70), most AOMs barely achieved the ≥ 5% threshold for clinically meaningful weight loss (71‐73).”
From GLP-1 and the Neurobiology of Eating Control: Recent Advances (2025) · cites this paper as [70]
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated improvements in CVD risk factors including waist circumference, SBP, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL in individuals with obesity.
“Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have demonstrated promising weight reduction in recent studies, 14,15 together with improvements in CVD risk factors including waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) in individuals with obesity.16,17”
From Tirzepatide reduces the predicted risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and improves cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity or overweight: SURMOUNT-1 post hoc analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
The SCALE trials reported similar but slightly more pronounced weight loss ranging from 5.7% to 8%.
“the data from SCALE trials reported similar but slightly pronounced weight loss ranging from 5.7% to 8% (31, 32, 33).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [31]

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Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Wilding, J. P. H., Batterham, R. L., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Van Gaal, L. F., Lingvay, I., McGowan, B. M., Rosenstock, J., Tran, M. T. D., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2032183 · Cited by 5,205 · see citing works
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Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff, A. M., Aronne, L. J., Ahmad, N. N., Wharton, S., Connery, L., Alves, B., Kiyosue, A., Zhang, S., Liu, B., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2206038 · Cited by 3,838 · see citing works
2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA)
Mancia, G., Kreutz, R., Brunström, M., Burnier, M., Grassi, G., Januszewicz, A., Muiesan, M. L., Tsioufis, K., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Algharably, E. A. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · Cited by 3,473 · see citing works
European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults
Yumuk, V., Tsigos, C., Fried, M., Schindler, K., Busetto, L., Micic, D., & Toplak, H. (2015) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000442721 · Cited by 3,432 · see citing works
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Comprehensive Clinical Practice Guidelines For Medical Care of Patients with Obesity
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity
Heymsfield, S. B., & Wadden, T. A. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1514009 · Cited by 1,867 · see citing works
GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art
Nauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J., & Meier, J. J. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101102 · Cited by 1,647 · see citing works
2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001168 · Cited by 1,598 · see citing works
Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline
Wharton, S., Lau, D. C. W., Vallis, M., Sharma, A. M., Biertho, L., Campbell-Scherer, D., Adamo, K., Alberga, A., Bell, R., Boulé, N., et al. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.191707 · Cited by 1,506 · see citing works
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Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial
Rubino, D., Abrahamsson, N., Davies, M., Hesse, D., Greenway, F. L., Jensen, C., Lingvay, I., Mosenzon, O., Rosenstock, J., Rubio, M. A., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3224 · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
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Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Davies, M., Færch, L., Jeppesen, O. K., Pakseresht, A., Pedersen, S. D., Perreault, L., Rosenstock, J., Shimomura, I., Viljoen, A., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00213-0 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial
Davies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., Andreasen, A. H., Jensen, C. B., DeFronzo, R. A., & for the NN8022-1922 Study Group (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9676 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
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Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial
Jastreboff, A. M., Kaplan, L. M., Frías, J. P., Wu, Q., Du, Y., Gurbuz, S., Coskun, T., Haupt, A., Milicevic, Z., & Hartman, M. L. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2301972 · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Obesity
González‐Muniesa, P., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Hu, F. B., Després, J., Matsuzawa, Y., Loos, R. J. F., Moreno, L. A., Bray, G. A., & Martínez, J. A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.34 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes
Ahmad, E., Lim, S., Lamptey, R., Webb, D. R., & Davies, M. J. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01655-5 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Management of obesity
Bray, G. A., Frühbeck, G., Ryan, D. H., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00271-3 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
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Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges
Müller, T. D., Blüher, M., Tschöp, M. H., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial
Rubino, D. M., Greenway, F. L., Khalid, U., O’Neil, P. M., Rosenstock, J., Sørrig, R., Wadden, T. A., Wizert, A., Garvey, W. T., STEP 8 Investigators, et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23619 · Cited by 995 · see citing works
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The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
Knudsen, L. B., & Lau, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00155 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Consensus Statement By The American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists And American College Of Endocrinology On The Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., DeFronzo, R. A., EINHORN, D. F., Fonseca, V. A., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep151126.cs · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Khera, R., Murad, M. H., Chandar, A. K., Dulai, P. S., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Loomba, R., Camilleri, M., & Singh, S. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7602 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial
Aronne, L. J., Sattar, N., Horn, D. B., Bays, H. E., Wharton, S., Lin, W.-Y., Ahmad, N. N., Zhang, S., Liao, R., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24945 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus
Kleinert, M., Clemmensen, C., Hofmann, S. M., Moore, M. C., Renner, S., Woods, S. C., Huypens, P., Beckers, J., de Angelis, M. H., Schürmann, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.161 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial
le Roux, C. W., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Lau, D. C. W., Van Gaal, L., Ortiz, R. V., Wilding, J. P. H., Skjøth, T. V., Manning, L. S., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30069-7 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
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Efficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patients with obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 trial
O'Neil, P. M., Birkenfeld, A. L., McGowan, B., Mosenzon, O., Pedersen, S. D., Wharton, S., Carson, C. G., Jepsen, C. H., Kabisch, M., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31773-2 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
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The science of obesity management: an endocrine society scientific statement
Bray, G. A., Heisel, W. E., Afshin, A., Jensen, M. D., Dietz, W. H., Long, M., Kushner, R. F., Daniels, S. R., Wadden, T. A., Tsai, A. G., et al. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00253 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Garvey, W. T., Frias, J. P., Jastreboff, A. M., le Roux, C. W., Sattar, N., Aizenberg, D., Mao, H., Zhang, S., Ahmad, N. N., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01200-x · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Obesity Management in Adults
Elmaleh-Sachs, A., Schwartz, J. L., Bramante, C. T., Nicklas, J. M., Gudzune, K. A., & Jay, M. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19897 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults
Perdomo, C. M., Cohen, R. V., Sumithran, P., Clément, K., & Frühbeck, G. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02403-5 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Liraglutide for Adolescents with Obesity
Kelly, A. S., Auerbach, P., Barrientos-Perez, M., Gies, I., Hale, P. M., Marcus, C., Mastrandrea, L. D., Prabhu, N., & Arslanian, S. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1916038 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Effects of once‐weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity
Blundell, J., Finlayson, G., Axelsen, M., Flint, A., Gibbons, C., Kvist, T., & Hjerpsted, J. B. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12932 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Targeting adipose tissue in the treatment of obesity-associated diabetes
Kusminski, C. M., Bickel, P. E., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.75 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Obesity and Cancer: A Current Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Management
Pati, S., Irfan, W., Jameel, A., Ahmed, S., & Shahid, R. K. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15020485 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1
Drucker, D. J. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.009 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Advances in oral peptide therapeutics
Drucker, D. J. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0053-0 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
NAFLD as a Continuum: From Obesity to Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Godoy-Matos, A. F., Silva Júnior, W. S., & Valerio, C. M. (2020) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-020-00570-y · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Untitled work
Gadde (2018) · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm - 2020 executive summary
Garber, A. J., Handelsman, Y., Grunberger, G., Einhorn, D., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bush, M. A., DeFronzo, R. A., Garber, J. R., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/cs-2019-0472 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.003 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review
Kansra, A. R., Lakkunarajah, S., & Jay, M. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.581461 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg in individuals with obesity and moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea: the SCALE Sleep Apnea randomized clinical trial
on behalf of the SCALE study group, Blackman, A., Foster, G. D., Zammit, G., Rosenberg, R., Aronne, L., Wadden, T., Claudius, B., Jensen, C. B., & Mignot, E. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.52 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
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SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists: established and emerging indications
Brown, E., Heerspink, H. J. L., Cuthbertson, D. J., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00536-5 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
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Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3–36): Secretory Controls and Physiological Roles in Eating and Glycemia in Health, Obesity, and After RYGB
Steinert, R. E., Feinle-Bisset, C., Asarian, L., Horowitz, M., Beglinger, C., & Geary, N. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2014 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Transcellular Stomach Absorption of a Derivatized Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist
Buckley, S. T., Bækdal, T. A., Vegge, A., Maarbjerg, S. J., Pyke, C., Ahnfelt-Rønne, J., Madsen, K. G., Schéele, S. G., Alanentalo, T., Kirk, R. K., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aar7047 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease
Andersen, A., Lund, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0016-2 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined
Lundgren, J. R., Janus, C., Jensen, S. B. K., Juhl, C. R., Olsen, L. M., Christensen, R. M., Svane, M. S., Bandholm, T., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Blond, M. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2028198 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Association of metabolic–bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174 772 participants
Syn, N. L., Cummings, D. E., Wang, L. Z., Lin, D. J., Zhao, J. J., Loh, M., Koh, Z. J., Chew, C. A., Loo, Y. E., Tai, B. C., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00591-2 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity
Drucker, D. J. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101351 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
The GLP-1 Analogs Liraglutide and Semaglutide Reduce Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− and LDLr−/− Mice by a Mechanism That Includes Inflammatory Pathways
Rakipovski, G., Rolin, B., Nøhr, J., Klewe, I., Frederiksen, K. S., Augustin, R., Hecksher-Sørensen, J., Ingvorsen, C., Polex-Wolf, J., & Knudsen, L. B. (2018) · JACC: Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.09.004 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2018 Executive Summary
Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., DeFronzo, R. A., EINHORN, D. F., Fonseca, V. A., et al. (2018) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/cs-2017-0153 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Daily Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity
Wharton, S., Blevins, T., Connery, L., Rosenstock, J., Raha, S., Liu, R., Ma, X., Mather, K. J., Haupt, A., Robins, D., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2302392 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes: A Review
Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Perreault, L., Ji, L., & Dagogo-Jack, S. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4063 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention
Lavie, C. J., Laddu, D., Arena, R. A., Ortega, F. B., Alpert, M., & Kushner, R. F. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force
LeBlanc, E. S., Patnode, C. D., Webber, E. M., Redmond, N., Rushkin, M., & O’Connor, E. A. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7777 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of obesity: an update on the available medications and drugs under investigation
Chakhtoura, M., Haber, R., Ghezzawi, M., Rhayem, C., Tcheroyan, R., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2023) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101882 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention
Jastreboff, A. M., le Roux, C. W., Stefanski, A., Aronne, L. J., Halpern, B., Wharton, S., Wilding, J. P. H., Perreault, L., Zhang, S., Battula, R., et al. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2410819 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citation
Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity‐related complications
Sarma, S., Sockalingam, S., & Dash, S. (2021) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14290 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Wen, X., Zhang, B., Wu, B., Xiao, H., Li, Z., Li, R., Xu, X., & Li, T. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial
Wadden, T. A., Chao, A. M., Machineni, S., Kushner, R., Ard, J., Srivastava, G., Halpern, B., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02597-w · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm – 2017 executive summary
Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., Dagogo-Jack, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Fonseca, V. A., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161682.cs · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Obesity in adults
Lingvay, I., Cohen, R. V., Roux, C. W. L., & Sumithran, P. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01210-8 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity
Friedrichsen, M., Breitschaft, A., Tadayon, S., Wizert, A., & Skovgaard, D. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14280 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides
Drucker, D. J., Habener, J. F., & Holst, J. J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci97233 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes
Muskiet, M. H. A., Tonneijck, L., Smits, M. M., van Baar, M. J. B., Kramer, M. H. H., Hoorn, E. J., Joles, J. A., & van Raalte, D. H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Prediabetes and what it means: the epidemiological evidence
Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Selvin, E. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102644 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Current pharmacotherapy for obesity
Srivastava, G., & Apovian, C. M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.122 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk and obesity
Cercato, C., & Fonseca, F. A. H. (2019) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0468-0 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Obesity and Breast Cancer Prognosis: Evidence, Challenges, and Opportunities
Jiralerspong, S., & Goodwin, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2016.68.4480 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Drucker, D. J. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci24-0003 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Fecal microbiota transplantation: current challenges and future landscapes
Yadegar, A., Bar‐Yoseph, H., Monaghan, T. M., Pakpour, S., Severino, A., Kuijper, E. J., Smits, W. K., Terveer, E. M., Neupane, S., Nabavi-Rad, A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00060-22 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus
Gorgojo-Martínez, J. J., Mezquita-Raya, P., Carretero-Gómez, J., Castro, A., Cebrián-Cuenca, A., de Torres-Sánchez, A., García-de-Lucas, M. D., Núñez, J., Obaya, J. C., Soler, M. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010145 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility: A New Avenue for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Cena, H., Chiovato, L., & Nappi, R. E. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa285 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Progress and challenges in anti-obesity pharmacotherapy
Bessesen, D. H., & Van Gaal, L. F. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30236-x · Cited by 347 · see citing works
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity
Grunvald, E., Shah, R., Hernaez, R., Chandar, A. K., Pickett-Blakely, O., Teigen, L. M., Harindhanavudhi, T., Sultan, S., Singh, S., & Davitkov, P. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.045 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand?
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Authors: Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., & Wilding, J. P. H.
Affiliations: University College Dublin (IE)
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Scripps Clinic (US)
Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (FR)
University of Calgary (CA)
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
University of Liverpool (GB)
ORCID: Pi-Sunyer, Xavier
Astrup, Arne
Fujioka, Ken
Greenway, Frank
Krempf, Michel
Lau, David C.W.
Wilding, John P.H.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2015-07-02
Volume: 373
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-22
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1411892
OpenAlex: W807162506
Semantic Scholar: 01f6c765d4d399ef64124f5c0b619ed67ff94ebc
Cited by: 2,724
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 353 · 2025: 450 · 2024: 399 · 2023: 316 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 234 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 145 · 2017: 140 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 31
FWCI: 109.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK026687)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: liraglutide, obesity, weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonists, lifestyle modification, prediabetes, adverse events, nausea, diarrhea, drug safety, weight management, subcutaneous injection, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes prevention, long-term weight maintenance, body mass index
MeSH terms: Liraglutide, Adult, Blood Glucose, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Diarrhea, Diet, Reducing, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Middle Aged, Nausea, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management

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