Immunosenescence: what does it mean to health outcomes in older adults?
Open accessAbstract
The most profound consequences of immune senescence with respect to human health are the increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and decreased vaccine efficacy. Changes in both innate and adaptive immune function converge in the reduced response to vaccination and protection against infection and related diseases. The decline in thymic output of naïve T cells diminishes responses to novel antigens, such as West Nile Virus, while clonal expansions leading to defects in the T cell repertoire are associated with blunted responses of memory T cells to conserved epitopes of the influenza virus. Recent studies on how immunologic mechanisms of protection change during aging have led to novel strategies for improving vaccine responsiveness and outcomes of infectious diseases in older adults.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is a striking, well-documented age-related decline in the adaptive immune system, particularly in the ability to mount functional T cell-mediated responses.
“There is a striking, well-documented age-related decline in the adaptive immune system, particularly in the ability to mount functional T cell–mediated responses (141).”
From Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [141]
This decline is largely responsible for the heightened susceptibility to infection in the elderly.
“This decline is largely responsible for the heightened susceptibility to infection in the elderly.”
From Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [141]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 47 · Cited by 340
- Authors
- McElhaney, J. E., & Effros, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- McElhaney, Janet E
- Effros, Rita B
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 418-424
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2725188
- OpenAlex
- W2030298463
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG020634, R01AG023720)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI068265, U01AI074449)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, aging, older adults, vaccine efficacy, infection susceptibility, thymic output, naive T cells, clonal expansion, T cell receptor repertoire, memory T cells, West Nile virus, influenza virus
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Aging, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunologic Memory, T-Lymphocytes, Viral Vaccines, Virus Diseases, Viruses, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
