An Improved Authentication Scheme for BLE Devices with No I/O Capabilities
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Privacy-preserving communication mechanisms, including Diffie-Hellman-based encryption and anonymization for children's IoT devices, have been integrated into BLE protocols to protect sensitive location data.
“Privacy-preserving communication mechanisms, including Diffie-Hellman-based encryption and anonymization for children's IoT devices, have been integrated into BLE protocols to protect sensitive location data [21].”
From Child Playground Entry/Exit Tracking and Log Visualization System Using BLE Beacons and Smart Devices (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
The BLE stack and pairing mechanism section (p. 4) describes Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman key exchange in BLE secure connections. Related Work (p. 8) says the authors propose a certificate-based encrypted communication tunnel. Our copy does not support the attributed anonymization mechanism for children’s IoT devices or its purpose of protecting location data. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
Johnson, D. B., Menezes, A., & Vanstone, S. A. (2001) · International Journal of Information Security · doi:10.1007/s102070100002 · Cited by 2,254 · see citing works
13th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies, WOOT 2019
Gantman, A., & Maurice, C. (2019) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators
Barker, E. B., & Kelsey, J. M. (2015) · doi:10.6028/nist.sp.800-90ar1 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Building the Internet of Things with bluetooth smart
Raza, S., Misra, P., He, Z., & Voigt, T. (2016) · Ad Hoc Networks · doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.08.012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Two practical man-in-the-middle attacks on Bluetooth secure simple pairing and countermeasures
Haataja, K., & Toivanen, P. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2010.01.090935 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A survey on Bluetooth Low Energy security and privacy
Cäsar, M., Pawelke, T., Steffan, J., et al. (2022) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108712 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Padgette, J., Bahr, J., Batra, M., Holtmann, M., Smithbey, R., Chen, L., & Scarfone, K. A. (2017) · doi:10.6028/nist.sp.800-121r2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Fossati, T. (2016) · doi:10.17487/rfc7925 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
20th International Carpathian Control Conference
(2019) · International Carpathian Control Conference · doi:10.1109/carpathiancc.2019.8765981 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Securing Bluetooth Low Energy networking: An overview of security procedures and threats
Lacava, A., Zottola, V., Bonaldo, A., et al. (2022) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108953 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
An active man-in-the-middle attack on bluetooth smart devices
Melamed, T. (2018) · International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering · doi:10.2495/safe-v8-n2-200-211 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Secure Seamless Bluetooth Low Energy Connection Migration for Unmodified IoT Devices
Hussain, S. R., Mehnaz, S., Nirjon, S., & Bertino, E. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2017.2739742 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Security and Privacy for Next-Generation Wireless Networks
Zhong, S., Zhong, H., Huang, X., et al. (2018) · Wireless networks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01150-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
MARC: A Novel Framework for Detecting MITM Attacks in eHealthcare BLE Systems
Yaseen, M., Iqbal, W., Rashid, I., et al. (2019) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-019-1440-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bypassing Passkey Authentication in Bluetooth Low Energy.
Rosa, T. (2013) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Song, J., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., et al. (2006) · doi:10.17487/rfc4493 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Developing a New Security Framework for Bluetooth Low Energy Devices
Zhang, Q., Liang, Z., & Cai, Z. (2019) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2019.03758 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Interoperability, Safety and Security in IoT
Fortino, G., Palau, C. E., Guerrieri, A., et al. (2018) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93797-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Testing vulnerabilities in bluetooth low energy
Willingham, T., Henderson, C., Kiel, B., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1145/3190645.3190693 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Varshney, G., Misra, M., & Atrey, P. K. (2018) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2018.07.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEncyclopedia of Wireless Networks
(2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32903-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Foundations and Practice of Security
(2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18419-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Perrey, H., Ugus, O., & Westhoff, D. (2011) · ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review · doi:10.1145/2073290.2073302 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kurniawan, A. (2020) · Apress eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-6446-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [10][10] J. Wu, Y. Nan, V. Kumar, D. J. Tian, A. Bianchi, M. Payer, D. Xu, { BLESA } : Spoofing attacks against reconnections in bluetooth low energy, in: 14th { USENIX } Workshop on Offensive Technologies ( { WOOT } 20), 2020. -
- [15][15] M. Ryan, Bluetooth: With low energy comes low security, in: 7th { USENIX } Workshop on Offensive Technologies ( { WOOT } 13), 2013. -
- [16][16] Y. Qu, P. Chan, Assessing vulnerabilities in bluetooth low energy (ble) wireless network based iot systems, in: 2016 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity), IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing (HPSC), and IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security (IDS), IEEE, 2016, pp. 42-48. -
- [17][17] Q. Zhang, Z. Liang, Security analysis of bluetooth low energy based smart wristbands, in: 2017 2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Sensors Technologies (ICFST), IEEE, 2017, pp. 421-425. -
- [22][22] W. Oliff, A. Filippoupolitis, G. Loukas, Evaluating the impact of malicious spoofing attacks on bluetooth low energy based occupancy detection systems, in: 2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA), IEEE, 2017, pp. 379-385. -
- [27][27] Y. Zhang, J. Weng, R. Dey, Y. Jin, Z. Lin, X. Fu, Breaking secure pairing of bluetooth low energy using downgrade attacks, in: 29th { USENIX } Security Symposium ( { USENIX } Security 20), 2020, pp. 37-54. -
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chung, M. (2026) · Signals · doi:10.3390/signals7040067
“Privacy-preserving communication mechanisms, including Diffie–Hellman-based encryption and anonymization for children’s IoT devices, have been integrated into BLE protocols to protect sensitive location data [21].”
- Authors
- Gupta, C., & Varshney, G.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Jammu (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Gupta, Chandranshu
- ORCID
- Gupta, Chandranshu
- Venue
- Computer Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-02
- Volume
- 200
- Pages
- 42-53
- ISSN
- 0140-3664 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4313495789
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computer Communications (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › RFID technology advancements
- Keywords
- Bluetooth Low Energy, device authentication, man-in-the-middle attacks, digital certificates, public key infrastructure, lightweight cryptography, resource-constrained devices, energy consumption, wearable devices, protocol verification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
