Performance evaluation of low-bitrate voice using spread spectrum techniques for satellite-based emergency communication
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a robust and adaptable framework integrating diverse wireless communication technologies for next-generation emergency communications. We designed a real-time voice streaming system that enables reliable voice and data transmission over low-bitrate links. The system incorporates flow control and queuing mechanisms to ensure seamless interoperability of Internet Protocol (IP)-based low-bitrate voice communication across Long Range (LoRa), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), and Wi-Fi networks. This approach facilitates efficient cross-network communication, which is vital for emergency scenarios. The performance evaluation of the system involved assessing the system's ability to transmit low-bitrate voice using a novel voice-over low-bitrate protocol. Key metrics such as packet latency, inter-arrival time, and jitter were measured to investigate the system's reliability in streaming low-bitrate voice. Our results confirm that the system supports low-bitrate voice transmission over channels with data rates below 1 kbps. When data streams from high to moderate bit-rate channels, controlling the flow of packets is essential for reliable communication as this enables the high-rate channels to adapt to the rate of low-bit-rate channels. Additionally, managing packet flow from high- to low-bitrate streams is critical for consistent communication, enabling higher-rate channels to adjust dynamically to low-bitrate conditions. Selecting optimal packet sizes to maximize channel utilization minimizes latency and, combined with queuing strategies, ensures dependable delivery. These findings establish a foundation for leveraging low-bitrate satellite and Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) to develop resilient and scalable emergency communication systems for next-generation applications.
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The gap lies in connecting quantum-era cryptographic readiness with the operational realities of telecom systems limited bandwidth, long device lifecycles, and interoperability constraints.
“The gap lies in connecting quantum-era cryptographic readiness with the operational realities of telecom systems limited bandwidth, long device lifecycles, and interoperability constraints [11].”
From Harvest-Now, Decrypt-Later: A Temporal Cybersecurity Risk in the Quantum Transition (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Kagai, F., Branch, P., But, J., Allen, R., & Rice, M.
- Affiliations
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kagai, Francis
- Venue
- Computer Networks
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-10
- Volume
- 270
- Pages
- 111560
- ISSN
- 1389-1286 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4412798988
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computer Networks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry
- Government of Western Australia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Satellite Communication Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Traffic and Congestion Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT Networks and Protocols
- Keywords
- emergency search and rescue, satellite communication, spread spectrum, LoRa, direct-sequence spread spectrum, adaptive flow control, heterogeneous wireless networks, packet delivery, latency and jitter, disaster response communication
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