Cited by 58Computational Drug Discovery MethodsSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Researchvaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

Identification of FDA approved drugs and nucleoside analogues as potential SARS-CoV-2 A1pp domain inhibitor: An in silico study

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Singh, Atul Kumar, Kushwaha, Prem Prakash, Prajapati, Kumari Sunita, Shuaib, Mohd, Gupta, Sanjay, Kumar, Shashank·2021·Computers in Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Coronaviruses are known to infect respiratory tract and intestine. These viruses possess highly conserved viral macro domain A1pp having adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose binding and phosphatase activity sites. A1pp inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation in the host and promotes viral infection and pathogenesis. We performed in silico screening of FDA approved drugs and nucleoside analogue library against the recently reported crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 A1pp domain. Docking scores and interaction profile analyses exhibited strong binding affinity of eleven FDA approved drugs and five nucleoside analogues NA1 (-13.84), nadide (-13.65), citicholine (-13.54), NA2 (-12.42), and NA3 (-12.27). The lead compound NA1 exhibited significant hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction at the natural substrate binding site. The root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent accessible surface (SASA), hydrogen bond formation, principle component analysis, and free energy landscape calculations for NA1 bound protein displayed stable complex formation in 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation, compared to unbound macro domain and natural substrate adenosine-5-diphosphoribose bound macro domain that served as a positive control. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area analysis of NA1 demonstrated binding free energy of -175.978 ± 0.401 kJ/mol in comparison to natural substrate which had binding free energy of -133.403 ± 14.103 kJ/mol. In silico analysis by modelling tool ADMET and prediction of biological activity of these compounds further validated them as putative therapeutic molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, this study offers NA1 as a lead SARS-CoV-2 A1pp domain inhibitor for future testing and development as therapeutics against human coronavirus.

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Authors
Singh, A. K., Kushwaha, P. P., Prajapati, K. S., Shuaib, M., Gupta, S., & Kumar, S.
Affiliations
  • Central University of Punjab (IN)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
Kumar, Shashank
Venue
Computers in Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
130
Pages
104185
ISSN
0010-4825 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3117443160
Cited by
58
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9
FWCI
4.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Computers in Biology and Medicine (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense (1I01BX002494, W81XWH-19-1-0720, W81XWH18-1-0618)
  • Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2, ADP-ribosylation, drug repurposing, nucleoside analogues, FDA-approved drugs, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy, protein-ligand binding, antiviral agents
MeSH terms
SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Antiviral Agents, Binding Sites, Humans, Nucleosides, Protein Binding, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Drug Approval, Molecular Docking Simulation

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