The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 209 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cardiac Auscultation: Rediscovering the Lost Art
Abstract
Cardiac auscultation, long considered the centerpiece of the cardiac clinical examination, is rapidly becoming a lost art. Inadequate emphasis on the essentials of cardiac auscultation has resulted from the widespread availability of more elaborate and expensive "high-tech" diagnostic and therapeutic methods, particularly Doppler echocardiography. However, sophisticated high technology is not a substitute for a solid foundation in clinical cardiology including cardiac auscultation. When used properly, the stethoscope remains a valuable and cost-effective clinical tool that often enables many well-trained and experienced cardiac auscultators to make a rapid and accurate cardiac diagnosis with fewer, if any, additional studies. Not every patient needs every test. Accordingly, this monograph reviews the fundamental principles of the art of cardiac auscultation. Emphasis is placed on the proper use of the stethoscope and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the myriad heart sounds and murmurs present in patients with and without symptomatic heart disease. A practical clinical overview of the common auscultatory findings encountered in a variety of cardiac disease states and conditions will also be discussed. This monograph will inspire many practitioners to pick up their stethoscope, practice their cardiac examination, perfect their auscultatory skills, and reap the rewards of rediscovering this time-honored method of evaluating the cardiovascular system.
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“However, cardiac acoustic signals are only generated by the closure of the valves and thus cannot provide any indication of the opening of the aortic valve as needed for both PEP and LVET. [16]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
Citations
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Cited by
The CirCor DigiScope Dataset: From Murmur Detection to Murmur Classification
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chizner, M. A.
- Corresponding author
- Chizner, Michael A.
- Venue
- Current Problems in Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 326-408
- ISSN
- 0146-2806 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012784465
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 209
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Problems in Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Keywords
- cardiac auscultation, stethoscope, heart sounds, heart murmurs, Doppler echocardiography, heart disease diagnosis, cardiovascular assessment
- MeSH terms
- Heart Auscultation, Heart Diseases, Heart Sounds, Humans
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- The paper
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
