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Cited by 147Phonocardiography and Auscultation TechniquesUltrasound in Clinical ApplicationsClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 209 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cardiac Auscultation: Rediscovering the Lost Art

Chizner, Michael A.·2008·Current Problems in Cardiology
DOI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2008.03.003
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Abstract

Cardiac auscultation, long considered the centerpiece of the cardiac clinical examination, is rapidly becoming a lost art. Inadequate emphasis on the essentials of cardiac auscultation has resulted from the widespread availability of more elaborate and expensive "high-tech" diagnostic and therapeutic methods, particularly Doppler echocardiography. However, sophisticated high technology is not a substitute for a solid foundation in clinical cardiology including cardiac auscultation. When used properly, the stethoscope remains a valuable and cost-effective clinical tool that often enables many well-trained and experienced cardiac auscultators to make a rapid and accurate cardiac diagnosis with fewer, if any, additional studies. Not every patient needs every test. Accordingly, this monograph reviews the fundamental principles of the art of cardiac auscultation. Emphasis is placed on the proper use of the stethoscope and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the myriad heart sounds and murmurs present in patients with and without symptomatic heart disease. A practical clinical overview of the common auscultatory findings encountered in a variety of cardiac disease states and conditions will also be discussed. This monograph will inspire many practitioners to pick up their stethoscope, practice their cardiac examination, perfect their auscultatory skills, and reap the rewards of rediscovering this time-honored method of evaluating the cardiovascular system.

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Citations

Cites

Show all 209 references

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Chizner, 1998, Cardiac auscultation: a time-honored art in a time of need, Resid Staff Physician, 44, 17
  2. O'Rourke, 2001, The history, physical examination and cardiac auscultation, 10th edition, 193
  3. Chizner, 1984, The bedside diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, Cardiol Pract, 1, 98
  4. Chizner, 1984, Cardiac auscultation: heart sounds, Cardiol Pract, 1, 141
  5. Reddy, 1985, Normal and abnormal heart sounds in cardiac diagnosis, Curr Probl Cardiol, 10, 1
  6. Stapleton, 1979, Heart sounds, murmurs and precordial movements, 6th edition
  7. Shaver, 1982, Innocent murmurs: innocent or pathologic? (Parts I and II), Hosp Med, 18, 13
  8. Harvey, 1976, Innocent versus significant murmurs, Curr Probl Cardiol, 1, 51
  9. Shaver, 1978, Innocent murmurs, Hosp Med, 4, 8
  10. Shub, 2003, Echocardiography or auscultation?, Can Fam Physician, 49, 163
  11. Chizner, 1984, Acute myocardial infarction and its complications: bedside diagnosis, Cardiol Pract, 1, 170
  12. Chizner, 1981, Valvular aortic stenosis in adults, Prim Cardiol, 11, 7
  13. Spodick, 1985, Pitfalls in the recognition of pericarditis, Vol. 5, 95
  14. Craige, 1988, Should auscultation be rehabilitated?, N Engl J Med, 318, 1611, 10.1056/nejm198806163182409 · DOI
  15. Schneiderman, 2001, Cardiac auscultation and teaching rounds: how can cardiac auscultation be resuscitated?, Am J Med, 110, 233, 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00736-1 · DOI

Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Chizner, M. A.
Corresponding author
Chizner, Michael A.
Venue
Current Problems in Cardiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-07
Volume
33
Issue
7
Pages
326-408
ISSN
0146-2806 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2008.03.003
OpenAlex
W2012784465
Cited by
144
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Current Problems in Cardiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Keywords
cardiac auscultation, stethoscope, heart sounds, heart murmurs, Doppler echocardiography, heart disease diagnosis, cardiovascular assessment
MeSH terms
Heart Auscultation, Heart Diseases, Heart Sounds, Humans

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