Cited by 284Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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Cognitive vulnerabilities to the development of PTSD: A review of four vulnerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerability model

Elwood, Lisa S., Hahn, Kathryn S., Olatunji, Bunmi O., Williams, Nathan L.·2009·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002

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Abstract

While some individuals develop PTSD subsequent to traumatic experiences, many individuals resume prior functioning naturally. Diathesis-stress models suggest that stable individual differences present in individuals prior to trauma may serve as vulnerability factors to symptom development. The high levels of comorbidity and symptom similarity suggest that established vulnerability factors for anxiety and depression may also serve as vulnerability factors for PTSD. The examination of multiple vulnerability factors simultaneously may increase understanding of the etiology of PTSD and comorbid post-trauma symptomatology and account for a greater percentage of variance in PTSD symptoms. In addition, the vulnerability factors may be related to distinct sets of symptoms, with vulnerabilities predicting the PTSD symptoms most similar to their associated disorders. Research examining the relations between attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and the looming cognitive style and the development of PTSD after trauma exposure is reviewed and suggestions for future research are provided.

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Authors: Elwood, L. S., Hahn, K. S., Olatunji, B. O., & Williams, N. L.
Affiliations: University of Missouri–St. Louis (US)
University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
Corresponding author: Elwood, Lisa S.
ORCID: Olatunji, Bunmi O.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-02
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 87-100
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002
OpenAlex: W2032402223
Cited by: 284
References: 200
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 1.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive vulnerability, diathesis-stress model, vulnerability factors, attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, comorbidities, PTSD etiology, trauma exposure
MeSH terms: Affect, Cognition, Humans, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity

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Cognitive vulnerabilities to the development of PTSD: A review of four vulnerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerability model

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