The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How to analyze Likert and other rating scale data
Overview
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Claims the paper makes
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Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Creswell, J. W. (1994) · Cited by 35,204
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The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203029053 · Cited by 20,105
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Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (1989) · Cited by 9,595
(1932) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,568
Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2007) · Cited by 6,278
No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons.
Rothman, K. J. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010 · Cited by 5,965
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Pell, 2005, Use and misuse of Likert scales, Med Educ, 39, 970, 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02237.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02237.x
- Jamieson, 2005, Use and misuse of Likert scales—author’s reply, Med Educ, 39, 971, 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02238.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02238.x
- Thomson, 1891, vol. 1, p. 80
- Baggaley, 1983, The effect of nonlinear transformations on a Likert scale, Eval Health Prof, 6, 483, 10.1177/016327878300600408 · doi:10.1177/016327878300600408
- Cohen, 2011, Numerical bias in bounded and unbounded number line tasks, Psychon Bull Rev, 18, 331, 10.3758/s13423-011-0059-z · doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0059-z
- Harpe, 2012, Effects of a learning-centered approach to assessment on students’ attitudes towards and knowledge of statistics, Curr Pharm Teach Learn, 4, 247, 10.1016/j.cptl.2012.05.002 · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2012.05.002
- Ferrill, 1999, Determining the statistical knowledge of pharmacy practitioners: a survey and review of the literature, Am J Pharm Educ, 63, 371, 10.1016/S0002-9459(24)02528-2 · doi:10.1016/s0002-9459(24)02528-2
- Harpe, 2008, Evaluating student perceptions of a learner-centered drug literature evaluation course, Am J Pharm Educ, 72, 10.1016/S0002-9459(24)00499-6 · doi:10.1016/s0002-9459(24)00499-6
- Hoover, 2013, Educational testing validity and reliability in pharmacy and medical education literature, Am J Pharm Educ, 77, 10.5688/ajpe7710213 · doi:10.5688/ajpe7710213
Cited by
Wood, E., Harsant, A., Dallimer, M., Cronin de Chavez, A., McEachan, R. R. C., & Hassall, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02320 · Cited by 348
“…taken across the scale are often treated as continuous and subjected to parametric analysis (e.g., Fuller et al., 2007; Dallimer et al., 2012), and discussion in the statistical literature suggests that there is a strong basis for doing so, as long as the model assumptions are met (Harpe, 2015).”
BackgroundSalmerón, L., Vargas, C., Delgado, P., & Baron, N. (2023) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-022-10295-1 · Cited by 42
Barbosa, A. D. S., Crispim, M. C., da Silva, L. B., da Silva, J. M. N., Barbosa, A. M., & Morioka, S. N. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3675 · Cited by 38
Sittig, D. F., Flanagan, T., Sengstack, P., Cholankeril, R. T., Ehsan, S., Heidemann, A., Murphy, D. R., Salmasian, H., Adelman, J. S., & Singh, H. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf018 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Harpe, S. E.
- Venue
- Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 836-850
- ISSN
- 1877-1297 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136589719
- Cited by
- 874
- References
- 69
- FWCI
- 18.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How to analyze Likert and other rating scale data. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.08.001
- The paper
- Harpe, S. E. (2015). How to analyze Likert and other rating scale data. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.08.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
