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Improved vitrification solutions based on the predictability of vitrification solution toxicity
Abstract
Long-term preservation of complex engineered tissues and organs at cryogenic temperatures in the absence of ice has been prevented to date by the difficulty of discovering combinations of cryoprotectants that are both sufficiently non-toxic and sufficiently stable to allow viability to be maintained and ice formation to be avoided during slow cooling to the glass transition temperature and subsequent slow rewarming. A new theory of the origin of non-specific cryoprotectant toxicity was shown to account, in a rabbit renal cortical slice model, for the toxicities of 20 vitrification solutions and to permit the design of new solutions that are dramatically less toxic than previously known solutions for diverse biological systems. Unfertilized mouse ova vitrified with one of the new solutions were successfully fertilized and regained 80% of the absolute control (untreated) rate of development to blastocysts, whereas ova vitrified in VSDP, the best previous solution, developed to blastocysts at a rate only 30% of that of controls. Whole rabbit kidneys perfused at -3 degrees C with another new solution at a concentration of cryoprotectant (8.4M) that was previously 100% lethal at this temperature exhibited no damage after transplantation and immediate contralateral nephrectomy. It appears that cryoprotectant solutions that are composed to be at the minimum concentrations needed for vitrification at moderate cooling rates are toxic in direct proportion to the average strength of wat…
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Nanowarming of 100 mgFe/mL EMG308 IONPs in VMP CPA in a 1 mL cryovial achieved warming rates of ~1500 °C/min.
“We achieved warming rates at ~1500 °C/min (Fig. S22).”
From Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
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Cited by
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Han, Z., Rao, J. S., Gangwar, L., Namsrai, B.-E., Pasek-Allen, J. L., Etheridge, M. L., Wolf, S. M., Pruett, T. L., Bischof, J. C., & Finger, E. B. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38824-8 · Cited by 173
Physical vitrification and nanowarming at liter-scale CPA volumes: toward organ cryopreservation
Gangwar, L., Han, Z., Scheithauer, C., Namsrai, B.-E., Kantesaria, S., Goldstein, R., Etheridge, M. L., Finger, E. B., & Bischof, J. C. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63483-2 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Fahy, G. M., Wowk, B., Wu, J., & Paynter, S.
- Venue
- Cryobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-35
- ISSN
- 0011-2240
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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