The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 immunity
Open accessAbstract
Allergic disease represents a significant global health burden, and disease incidence continues to rise in urban areas of the world. As such, a better understanding of the basic immune mechanisms underlying disease pathology are key to developing therapeutic interventions to both prevent disease onset as well as to ameliorate disease morbidity in those individuals already suffering from a disorder linked to type-2 inflammation. Two factors central to type-2 immunity are interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been linked to virtually all major hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation. Therefore, IL-4 and IL-13 and their regulatory pathways represent ideal targets to suppress disease. Despite sharing many common regulatory pathways and receptors, these cytokines perform very distinct functions during a type-2 immune response. This review summarizes the literature surrounding the function and expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells and innate immune cells. It highlights recent findings in vivo regarding the differential expression and non-canonical regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 in various immune cells, which likely play important and underappreciated roles in type-2 immunity.
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IL-4 appears more relevant for the central part of the TH2 pathway.
“Whereas IL-4 seems to be more relevant for the central part of the TH2 pathway87”
From Atopic dermatitis: an expanding therapeutic pipeline for a complex disease (2022) · cites this paper as [87]
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References 243 · Cited by 316
- Authors
- Bao, K., & Reinhardt, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reinhardt, R. Lee
- Venue
- Cytokine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-37
- ISSN
- 1043-4666 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5118948
- OpenAlex
- W2216792268
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 243
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cytokine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI119004, T32AI052077)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- IL-4, IL-13, Th2 immune response, allergic diseases, CD4+ T cells, innate immune cells, cytokine regulation, type 2 inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune System, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Interleukin-4, Cytokines, Th2 Cells, Interleukin-13, STAT3 Transcription Factor, STAT6 Transcription Factor
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