The many roles of molecular complexity in drug discovery
Abstract
Molecular complexity is becoming a crucial concept in drug discovery. It has been associated with target selectivity, success in progressing into clinical development and compound safety, among other factors. Multiple metrics have been developed to quantify molecular complexity and explore complexity-property relationships. However, there is no general agreement regarding how to measure this molecular feature. Herein, we have surveyed the many roles of molecular complexity in drug discovery discussing in a critical manner different quantification methods. Through the analysis of various reference compound databases, common pitfalls and workarounds of the quantification of molecular complexity are discussed.
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Jirásek, M., Sharma, A., Bame, J. R., Mehr, S. H. M., Bell, N. L., Marshall, S., Mathis, C., Macleod, A., Cooper, G. J. T., Swart, M., et al. (2024) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.4c00120 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hydrosoluble and Liposoluble Vitamins: New Perspectives through ADMET Analysis
Nicolov, M. F., Cocora, M., Buda, V. O., Danciu, C., Dușe, A. O., Watz, C. G., & Borcan, F. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57111204 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Consequently, structural complexity is difficult define and quantify, and is usually correlated with target selectivity of the chemical compound, as well as with its safety [49].”
BackgroundOne‐Pot Sequential Photoredox Chemistry and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation with a Single Catalyst
Zhang, X., Qin, J., Huang, X., & Meggers, E. (2018) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.201701652 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zahed, S. S. E., French, S., Farha, M. A., Kumar, G., & Brown, E. D. (2021) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01925-20 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Molecular complexity was represented by topological indices, namely, the hyper-Wiener index, Wiener polarity, and the Balaban index, that describe some aspects of molecular structure (27).”
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AI-Driven Chemical Design: Transforming the Sustainability of the Pharmaceutical Industry
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“While these complex structures have been associated with higher selectivity [21], it makes their synthesis challenging.”
Srinivasulu, V., Srikanth, G., Khanfar, M. A., Abu‐Yousef, I. A., Majdalawieh, A. F., Mazitschek, R., Setty, S. C., Sebastian, A., & Al‐Tel, T. H. (2022) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.1c02698 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
(3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction of the Endocyclic N-Silyl Enamine and N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imine
Cao, V. D., Kim, H., Kwak, J., & Joung, S. (2022) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00366 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Do Fragments and Crystallization Additives Bind Similarly to Drug-like Ligands?
Drwal, M. N., Jacquemard, C., Perez, C. A., Desaphy, J., & Kellenberger, E. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00769 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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da Silva, T. S., Souza, M. S., Andricopulo, A. D., & Coelho, F. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra03395c · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chemoinformatics approaches to assess chemical diversity and complexity of small molecules
Saldívar‐González, F. I., & Medina‐Franco, J. L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818349-6.00003-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical Multiverse and Diversity of Food Chemicals
Avellaneda-Tamayo, J. F., Chávez‐Hernández, A. L., Prado‐Romero, D. L., & Medina‐Franco, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01617 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence in Compound Design
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Synthetic Matching of Complex Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Chemical Space
Xie, J., Pahl, A., Krzyzanowski, A., Krupp, A., Liu, J., Koska, S., Schölermann, B., Zhang, R., Bonowski, J., Sievers, S., et al. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202310222 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chemoinformatic Approach: The Case of Natural Products of Panama
Olmedo, D. A., & Medina‐Franco, J. L. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.87779 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The structural descriptors used to quantify fraction of sp3 hybridized carbons (Fsp3) [23, 58, 63, 70], fraction of chiral centers (CCF) [23, 59, 63, 70], fraction of aromatic atoms (Faro-atm), globularity [60], principal moments of inertia (PMI), normalized principal moments of inertia ratio (NRP) [61, 62], molecular…”
InfluentialSelf-citationComparative analysis of FDA approvals by top 20 pharma companies (2014–2023)
Schuhmacher, A., Gassmann, O., Hinder, M., & Hartl, D. (2024) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104128 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A View on Molecular Complexity from the GDB Chemical Space
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Carbon monoxide-driven osmium catalyzed reductive amination harvesting WGSR power
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An Analysis of Published Synthetic Routes, Route Targets, and Reaction Types (2000–2020)
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Latin American databases of natural products: biodiversity and drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2
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Catalytic sp3–sp3 Functionalisation of Sulfonamides: Late‐Stage Modification of Drug‐Like Molecules
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Digitization of molecular complexity with machine learning
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Assembly theory and its relationship with computational complexity
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Accelerating Pharmaceutical Development via Metal‐Mediated Bond Formation
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“For this study, the fractions of sp(3) atoms (Fsp(3)) and chiral centers (FCC) were used as complexity metrics based on topological and physicochemical descriptors [28].”
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Phosphine ligands in the ruthenium-catalyzed reductive amination without an external hydrogen source
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Measuring Molecular Complexity
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Chemoinformatic Characterization of NAPROC-13: A Database for Natural Product 13 C NMR Dereplication
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Self-citationCopper(I)-Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement-Driven Cycloisomerization of 1,11-Diynes
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Broad assessment of bioactivity of a collection of spiroindane pyrrolidines through “cell painting”
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Classification of some chemical drugs by genetic algorithm and deep neural network hybrid method
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“16 Although both sets of ligands, agonists and antagonists, bind to the same region of the receptor, they occupy partially different binding pockets.”
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Contributions of African Medicinal Plants to Modern Drug Discovery
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- Authors
- Méndez-Lucio, O., & Medina-Franco, J. L.
- Venue
- Drug Discovery Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 120-126
- ISSN
- 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2516032265
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › History and advancements in chemistry
- Keywords
- molecular complexity, complexity measures, drug discovery, target selectivity
- MeSH terms
- Pharmaceutical Preparations, Models, Chemical, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Molecular Structure, Databases, Factual, Drug Discovery
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