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Cited by 279Infant Development and Preterm CareBirth, Development, and HealthNeonatal Respiratory Health Research

An overview of adult health outcomes after preterm birth

Open access
Crump, Casey·2020·Early Human Development
DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105187PMC PMC7480736
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Abstract

Preterm birth (gestational age < 37 completed weeks) has increased in prevalence in most countries in the past 20 years and now affects nearly 11% of all births worldwide. Because of treatment advances introduced in the 1970s-1980s, >95% of preterm infants who receive modern neonatal and pediatric care now survive into adulthood. The earliest birth cohorts to benefit from those advances are now in their 4th and 5th decades of life. A growing number of large cohort studies have investigated the long-term health sequelae in adulthood. Evidence has consistently shown that adult survivors of preterm birth have increased risks of chronic disorders involving various organ systems, including cardiovascular, endocrine/metabolic, respiratory, renal, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders, which either persist from childhood into adulthood or sometimes first manifest in adulthood. These disorders also lead to moderately (30% to 50%) increased mortality risks during early to mid-adulthood among persons born preterm compared with full-term, and even higher risks among those born at the earliest gestational ages. However, the majority of persons born preterm have low absolute risks of these outcomes and good self-reported quality of life in adulthood. Priorities for future research include the assessment of long-term health sequelae of preterm birth in racially and economically diverse populations, additional follow-up of existing cohorts into older adulthood, elucidation of outcomes by preterm birth subtype (e.g., different underlying causes) to improve risk stratification, and identification of protective factors that will support the long-term health trajectory and well-being of preterm-born adults.

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  • Preterm birth and FGR are clinically observable sentinel phenotypes that may reflect several adverse maternal-placental-fetal pathways and are themselves associated with long-term cardiometabolic risk.

    “Preterm birth and FGR are clinically observable sentinel phenotypes that may reflect several adverse maternal–placental–fetal pathways and are themselves associated with long-term cardiometabolic risk [97,98,99,100,101].”

    From Placental Pathophysiology and Developmental Programming of Adult Cardiometabolic Risk: A Narrative Review of Pregnancy Exposures (2026) · cites this paper as [99]

    The Endocrine/metabolic disorders > Lipid disorders section (page unavailable) links preterm birth to adult lipid disorders and cardiometabolic syndrome, supporting the long-term risk claim for preterm birth. The copy does not establish the corresponding cardiometabolic association for FGR or describe preterm birth and FGR as sentinel phenotypes of maternal–placental–fetal pathways. Its Kidney disease section mentions small-for-gestational-age birth, but in relation to renal disease, not cardiometabolic risk. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [24]Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Adults Born Preterm - The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2015; 29: 515– 9. 26250056

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Authors
Crump, C.
Affiliations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
Crump, Casey
ORCID
Crump, Casey
Venue
Early Human Development
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-11
Volume
150
Pages
105187
ISSN
0378-3782 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105187
PMC
PMC7480736
OpenAlex
W3084269468
Cited by
273
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 2
FWCI
24.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Early Human Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Keywords
preterm birth, adult health outcomes, chronic disease risk, cardiovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, kidney disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illness, mortality, quality of life, risk stratification, protective factors
MeSH terms
Adult, Mental Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Kidney Diseases, Metabolic Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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