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Development of a measure to assess invalidating childhood environments in the eating disorders
Abstract
Objective The role of childhood abuse is well recognised within the eating disorders. However, the impact of parental invalidation of the child's emotional needs has not been investigated. Such invalidation is potentially important because it appears to be associated with the difficulties in tolerating distress that are often seen in adults with eating disorders. This study aims to develop a measure of childhood invalidating environments (Invalidating Childhood Environments Scale; ICES). It also investigated the relationship between childhood experiences, levels of distress tolerance and eating pathology.Method Seventy-three eating-disordered women and 62 non-eating-disordered women completed a newly developed measure of invalidating environments (ICES), the Eating Disorders Inventory, and a Distress Tolerance Scale.Results The ICES had acceptable psychometric and clinical validity. Women who scored highly on the ICES had greater levels of eating disturbance. Within the clinical sample, the data were compatible with a model where difficulties in tolerating distress partially mediate the relationship between perceived invalidation by the father and eating pathology.Conclusions Parental invalidation is a potentially important construct in the eating disorders. This paper demonstrates that the ICES is a valid measure of that construct. This study suggests a clear framework for working with patients, where evidence of an invalidating childhood environment indicates a need to work with patients on their capacity to tolerate distress.
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“In contrast, the finding that DT was not significantly associated with diagnoses of ED-B/P or BPD, nor frequency of DEB, is inconsistent with theory regarding the role of DT in these disorders, as well as previous studies demonstrating lower levels of DT in individuals with these disorders compared to healthy controls (Gratz et al., 2006;Mountford et al., 2007).”
From Distress tolerance across substance use, eating, and borderline personality disorders: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Mountford et al., 2007
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mountford, V., Corstorphine, E., Tomlinson, S., & Waller, G.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mountford, Victoria
- Venue
- Eating Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-58
- ISSN
- 1471-0153 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035101625
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 23.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Eating Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- eating disorders, distress tolerance, scale development, psychometric validation, father-child relationship, emotional needs, eating pathology, women
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anorexia Nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Bulimia, Child, Child Abuse, Defense Mechanisms, Emotions, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Mother-Child Relations, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Social Environment, Social Support, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results
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