The DOI matches its Crossref record; 126 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lactate in the tumour microenvironment: From immune modulation to therapy
Open accessAbstract
Disordered metabolic states, which are characterised by hypoxia and elevated levels of metabolites, particularly lactate, contribute to the immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Excessive lactate secreted by metabolism-reprogrammed cancer cells regulates immune responses via causing extracellular acidification, acting as an energy source by shuttling between different cell populations, and inhibiting the mechanistic (previously 'mammalian') target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in the regulation of immune responses by lactate, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting lactate anabolism and transport in the TME, such as those involving glycolytic enzymes and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors. Considering the multifaceted roles of lactate in cancer metabolism, a comprehensive understanding of how lactate and lactate-targeting therapies regulate immune responses in the TME will provide insights into the complex relationships between metabolism and antitumour immunity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation
Vander Heiden, M. G., Cantley, L. C., & Thompson, C. B. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1160809 · Cited by 16,197
Warburg, O. (1956) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309 · Cited by 13,425
Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy
Semenza, G. L. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1187 · Cited by 6,717 · cited 1×
“One of the most significant characteristics of the TME is hypoxia, which leads to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced tumour invasion, as well as chemotherapy resistance via the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), nuclear factor erythroid 2, and HIF-1a [12].”
BackgroundMetabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation
Zhang, D., Tang, Z., Huang, H., Zhou, G., Cui, C., Weng, Y., Liu, W., Kim, S., Lee, S., Perez-Neut, M., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1678-1 · Cited by 4,371
A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts
Sahai, E., Astsaturov, I., Cukierman, E., DeNardo, D. G., Egeblad, M., Evans, R. M., Fearon, D., Greten, F. R., Hingorani, S. R., Hunter, T., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-019-0238-1 · Cited by 3,863 · cited 1×
“Cancer cells with aberrant metabolism consume large amounts of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in hypoxia, nutritional deficiency, and elevated levels of metabolic by-products in the tumour microenvironment (TME) [1].”
BackgroundDeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Daikhin, E., Nissim, I., Yudkoff, M., Wehrli, S., & Thompson, C. B. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709747104 · Cited by 2,622
LDHA-Associated Lactic Acid Production Blunts Tumor Immunosurveillance by T and NK Cells
Brand, A., Singer, K., Koehl, G. E., Kolitzus, M., Schoenhammer, G., Thiel, A., Matos, C., Bruss, C., Klobuch, S., Peter, K., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.011 · Cited by 2,039
Wise, D. R., DeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Sayed, N., Zhang, X.-Y., Pfeiffer, H. K., Nissim, I., Daikhin, E., Yudkoff, M., McMahon, S. B., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810199105 · Cited by 2,001
HIF-1α pathway: role, regulation and intervention for cancer therapy
Masoud, G. N., & Li, W. (2015) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.007 · Cited by 1,871 · cited 1×
“Excessive lactate production and rapid lactate transport in cancer cells depend primarily on the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and c-Myc [4,5].”
BackgroundGlucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate
Hui, S., Ghergurovich, J. M., Morscher, R. J., Jang, C., Teng, X., Lu, W., Esparza, L. A., Reya, T., Zhan, L., Yanxiang Guo, J., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24057 · Cited by 1,721
Cited by
Tumor hypoxia: From basic knowledge to therapeutic implications
Liao, C., Liu, X., Zhang, C., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.011 · Cited by 223
Keoh, L. Q., Chiu, C.-F., & Ramasamy, T. S. (2025) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-025-10956-y · Cited by 66
Repurposing drugs targeting metabolic diseases for cancer therapeutics
Pillai U, J., Ray, A., Maan, M., & Dutta, M. (2023) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103684 · Cited by 31
Shi, X., Hu, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, M.-F., Ying, X., Yuan, X., Wen, N., Lu, J., Zou, H., Tan, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.014 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Z.-H., Peng, W.-B., Zhang, P., Yang, X.-P., & Zhou, Q.
- Venue
- EBioMedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 103627
- ISSN
- 2352-3964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3207384678
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 126
- FWCI
- 19.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Lactate in the tumour microenvironment: From immune modulation to therapy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103627
- The paper
- Wang, Z.-H., Peng, W.-B., Zhang, P., Yang, X.-P., & Zhou, Q. (2021). Lactate in the tumour microenvironment: From immune modulation to therapy. EBioMedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103627
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.