The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on Inequality
Abstract
Climate change and economic inequality are inextricably linked. Despite widespread agreement among researchers and policymakers that a carbon tax is the most efficient mechanism to curb greenhouse gas emissions, such a tax exacerbates inequality since low-income households spend a greater share of their income on carbon-intensive goods. Using Input-Output tables and detailed expenditure data for the United States, we estimate households' carbon footprints and examine the impact of a revenue-neutral tax of $50 per ton of CO2 on multiple forms of inequality. Devoting carbon tax revenue to fund a carbon dividend makes the policy progressive, minimizes redistribution among households of similar means, mitigates group-based inequalities, and benefits 56% of people, including 84% in the bottom half of the distribution. While some researchers have dismissed dividends on efficiency grounds, we show that the double dividend typically associated with labor tax cuts is insufficient to protect the purchasing power of a majority of Americans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States
Hsiang, S., Kopp, R., Jina, A., Rising, J., Delgado, M., Mohan, S., Rasmussen, D. J., Muir-Wood, R., Wilson, P., Oppenheimer, M., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal4369 · Cited by 1,239
The fading American dream: trends in absolute income mobility since 1940
Chetty, R., Grusky, D., Hell, M., Hendren, N., Manduca, R., & Narang, J. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal4617 · Cited by 981
Making carbon pricing work for citizens
Klenert, D., Mattauch, L., Combet, E., Edenhofer, O., Hepburn, C., Rafaty, R., & Stern, N. (2018) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2 · Cited by 793
Temperature impacts on economic growth warrant stringent mitigation policy
Moore, F. C., & Diaz, D. B. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2481 · Cited by 575
Pass-Through of Emissions Costs in Electricity Markets
Fabra, N., & Reguant, M. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.9.2872 · Cited by 491
Implications of incorporating air-quality co-benefits into climate change policymaking
Nemet, G. F., Holloway, T., & Meier, P. (2010) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014007 · Cited by 411
Cited by
Low‐carbon transition risks for finance
Semieniuk, G., Campiglio, E., Mercure, J., Volz, U., & Edwards, N. R. (2021) · WIREs Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.678 · Cited by 441
Shahzad, U. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08349-4 · Cited by 348
Rethinking the choice of carbon tax and carbon trading in China
Jia, Z., & Lin, B. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120187 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Fremstad, A., & Paul, M.
- Venue
- Ecological Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 163
- Pages
- 88-97
- ISSN
- 0921-8009 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947529904
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 21.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Impact of a Carbon Tax on Inequality. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.016
- The paper
- Fremstad, A., & Paul, M. (2019). The Impact of a Carbon Tax on Inequality. Ecological Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.016
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
