The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The chemistry and potential reactivity of the CO2-H2S charged injected waters at the basaltic CarbFix2 site, Iceland
Open accessAbstract
The CarbFix2 project aims to capture and store the CO2 and H2S emissions from the Hellisheiði geothermal power plant in Iceland by underground mineral storage. The gas mixture is captured directly by its dissolution into water at elevated pressure. This fluid is then injected, along with effluent geothermal water, into subsurface basalts to mineralize the dissolved acid gases as carbonates and sulfides. Sampled effluent and gas-charged injection waters were analyzed and their mixing geochemically modeled using PHREEQC. Results suggest that carbonates, sulfides, and other secondary minerals would only precipitate after it has substantially reacted with the host basalt. Moreover, the fluid is undersaturated with respect to the most common primary and secondary minerals at the injection well outlet, suggesting that the risk of clogging fluid flow paths near the injection well is limited.
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Sinking of gas charged fluids has been recorded and demonstrated in several Carbfix studies.
“Sinking of gas charged fluids has been recorded and demonstrated in several Carbfix studies (Clark et al., 2018(Clark et al., , 2020;;Matter et al., 2016;Snæbjörnsdóttir et al., 2017Snæbjörnsdóttir et al., , 2018;;Tómasdóttir, 2018).”
From Reconstructing the temperature and origin of CO2 mineralisation in CarbFix calcite using clumped, carbon and oxygen isotopes (2024) · cites this paper as Clark et al., 2018
The Introduction (p. 122) reports that CO₂- and H₂S-charged water was injected to a depth of 750 m. The Modeling section (p. 124) describes the mixed fluid’s descent in the well, but this paper models its chemistry rather than recording or demonstrating sinking in the reservoir. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Parkhurst, D. L., & Appelo, C. A. J. (2013) · Techniques and Methods · doi:10.3133/tm6a43 · Cited by 3,779
Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions
Matter, J. M., Stute, M., Snæbjörnsdottir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., Gislason, S. R., Aradottir, E. S., Sigfusson, B., Gunnarsson, I., Sigurdardottir, H., Gunnlaugsson, E., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad8132 · Cited by 1,076 · cited 1×
“Results from field injections at the original CarbFix low temperature site (20 – 50 °C) showed mineralization of injected dissolved acid gases had occurred in less than two years [1-3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSnæbjörnsdóttir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., Mesfin, K., Aradóttir, E. S., Dideriksen, K., Gunnarsson, I., Gunnlaugsson, E., Matter, J. M., Stute, M., & Gislason, S. R. (2017) · International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.01.007 · Cited by 193
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Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Gíslason, 2014, Carbon Storage in Basalt, Science, 344, 373, 10.1126/science.1250828 · DOI · Paper page
- Júliusson B.M., I. Gunnarsson, K.V. Matthíasdóttir, S.M. Markússon, B. Bjarnason, Ó.G. Sveinsson, Th. Gíslason, and H. Thorsteinsson. “Tackling the Challenge of H2S Emissions” Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, Australia (2015).
- Stefánsson, 2011, The geochemistry and sequestration of H2S into the geothermal system at Hellisheidi, Iceland, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 202, 179, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.12.014 · DOI
- Gunarsson I., B.M. Júlíusson, E.S.P. Aradóttir, B. Sigfússon, and M.Th. Arnarson. “Pilot Scale Geothermal Gas Separation, Hellisheiði Power Plant, Iceland” Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress, Melbourne, Australia (2015).
- Gunnarsson, 2010, Rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
- Franzson H., E. Gunnlaugsson, K. Árnason, K. Sæmundsson, B. Steingrímsson, and B. Harðarson. “Hengill geothermal system, conceptual model and thermal evolution” Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress (2010).
- Snæbjörnsdóttir S.Ó. “The Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration at the Western Margin of the Hengill Volcanic System” University of Iceland, Master’s Thesis (2011).
- Neveu, 2017, Aqueous geochemistry in icy world interiors: Equilibrium fluid, rock, and gas compositions, and fate of antifreezes and radionuclides, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 212, 324, 10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.023 · DOI
- Voigt, 2018, Evaluation and refinement of thermodynamic databases for mineral carbonation, Energy Procedia, 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.012 · DOI
Cited by
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Clark, D. E., Oelkers, E. H., Gunnarsson, I., Sigfússon, B., Snæbjörnsdóttir, S. Ó., Aradóttir, E. S., & Gíslason, S. R. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.039 · Cited by 217
Self-citationHoldsworth, C. M., John, C. M., Snæbjörnsdóttir, S. Ó., Johnson, G., Sigfússon, B., Leslie, R., Haszeldine, R. S., & Gilfillan, S. M. V. (2024) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.105925 · Cited by 32
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Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, D. E., Gunnarsson, I., Aradóttir, E. S., Þ. Arnarson, M., Þorgeirsson, Þ. A., Sigurðardóttir, S. S., Sigfússon, B., Snæbjörnsdóttir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., & Gíslason, S. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Reykjavík Energy (Iceland) (IS)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Deirdre E.
- Venue
- Energy Procedia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 146
- Pages
- 121-128
- ISSN
- 1876-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2884385940
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy Procedia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Opin vísindi (Opin vísindi) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (317235, 283148)
- Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (317235)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- CO2 mineralization, sulfide mineralization, mineral precipitation
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