Pharmaceutical acrylic beads obtained by suspension polymerization containing cellulose nanowhiskers as excipient for drug delivery
Abstract
Direct compression is one of the most popular techniques to prepare tablets but only a few commercial excipients are well adapted for this process into controlled release formulations. In the last years, the introduction of new materials for drug delivery matrix tablets has become more important. This paper evaluated the physicochemical and flow properties of new polymeric excipient of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and butyl metacrylate, synthesized by suspension polymerization using cellulose nanowhiskers as co-stabilizer, to be used as direct compression for modified release tablets. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the success of the copolymerization reaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that excipient was obtained how spherical beads. Thermal properties of the beads were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Particle size analysis of the beads with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWB) indicated that the presence of the nanowhiskers led to a reduction of particle size and to a narrower size distribution. In vitro test showed that the nanowhiskers and beads produced are nontoxic. Parameters such as Hausner ratio, Carr's index and cotangent of angle α were employed to characterize the flow properties of CNWB beads. Furthermore, the beads are used to produce tablets by direct compression contained propranolol hydrochloride as model drug. Dissolution tests performed suggested that beads could be used as excipient in matrix tablets with a potential use in drug controlled release.
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Cellulose nanofibers are mechanically strong, stiff, and highly crystalline.
“Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) offer many advantages: they are mechanically strong, stiff, and highly crystalline, so they find wide applications in the biomedical (Cherian et al., 2008), pharmaceutical (Villanova et al., 2011), and especially the paper industries (Sehaqui, Allais, Zhou, & Berglund, 2011); they can also function as reinforcing agents in polymer matrixes (Lee, Teramoto, & Endo, 2011;S”
From Cellulose nanofibers produced from banana peel by chemical and enzymatic treatment (2014) · cites this paper as Villanova et al., 2011
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Cellulose nanofibers produced from banana peel by chemical and enzymatic treatment
Tibolla, H., Pelissari, F. M., & Menegalli, F. C. (2014) · LWT - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.011 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Cellulose micro/nanofibres from eucalyptus kraft pulp: preparation and properties
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- Authors
- Villanova, J. C. O., Ayres, E., Carvalho, S. M., Patrício, P. S., Pereira, F. V., & Oréfice, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Oréfice, R.L.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 406-415
- ISSN
- 0928-0987 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054075288
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- cellulose nanocrystals, suspension polymerization, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, direct compression, matrix tablets, controlled release, flow characteristics, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, propranolol hydrochloride, particle size reduction, thermal stability
- MeSH terms
- Cellulose, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Delayed-Action Preparations, Excipients, Humans, Methacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microspheres, Particle Size, Polymers, Propranolol, Tablets, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Drug Delivery Systems, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Cell Culture Techniques, Nanostructures
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