Co-HTL of domestic sewage sludge and wastewater treatment derived microalgal biomass – An integrated biorefinery approach for sustainable biocrude production

A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass

Gollakota, A. R. K., Kishore, N., & Gu, S. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.178 · Cited by 1,306

Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal behavior of waste sawdust biomass using thermogravimetric analysis

Mishra, R. K., & Mohanty, K. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.029 · Cited by 821

Waste biorefinery models towards sustainable circular bioeconomy: Critical review and future perspectives

Mohan, S. V., Nikhil, G. N., Chiranjeevi, P., Reddy, C. N., Rohit, M. V., Kumar, A. N., & Sarkar, O. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.130 · Cited by 818

Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review

Chen, W.-H., Lin, B.-J., Huang, M.-Y., & Chang, J.-S. (2015) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.050 · Cited by 579

Food waste biorefinery: Sustainable strategy for circular bioeconomy.

Dahiya, S., Kumar, A., Sravan, J. S., Chatterjee, S., Sarkar, O., & Mohan, S. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.176 · Cited by 573

The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions

Sharifzadeh, M., Sadeqzadeh, M., Guo, M., Borhani, T. N. G., Konda, N. V. S. N. M., Cortada-García, M., Wang, L., Hallett, J. P., & Shah, N. (2018) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2018.10.006 · Cited by 481

Catalytic thermochemical conversion of biomass for biofuel production: A comprehensive review

Ong, H. C., Chen, W., Farooq, A., Gan, Y. Y., Lee, K. T., & Ashokkumar, V. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109266 · Cited by 467

A review on latest developments and future prospects of heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from non-edible oils

Mardhiah, H. H., Ong, H. C., Masjuki, H. H., Lim, S., & Lee, H. V. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.036 · Cited by 438

The migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during the hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge

Huang, H., & Yuan, X. (2015) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.099 · Cited by 403

A review of production and upgrading of algal bio-oil

Saber, M., Nakhshiniev, B., & Yoshikawa, K. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.342 · Cited by 337

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Structurally Diverse Lignins: Insights into Biocrude Yield, Fuel Properties, and Reaction Mechanisms

Rahman, M. M., & Reza, M. T. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18174773 · Cited by 5

Effect of sludge retention time and feeding strategy on polyhydroxybutyrate production from rice mill effluent using activated sludge

Jayakrishnan, U., Ghosh, D., Deka, D., & Das, G. C. (2022) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-022-03321-3 · Cited by 5

Valorization of Human Urine with Mixed Microalgae Examined through Population Dynamics, Nutrient Removal, and Biogas Content

Ermiş, H., gülhan, Ü. G., Akça, M. S., Çakır, T., & Altınbaş, M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086922 · Cited by 5

Co-liquefaction of municipal sludge and tobacco stems: a novel strategy for crafting bio-oil enriched with high value-added nitrogen-containing compounds and amide entities

Liu, L., Li, Y., Li, A., Wei, X., Bai, J., Li, D., Huang, G., Chang, C., & Li, P. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05520-6 · Cited by 5

Bio-oil as a Promising Product from Co-liquefaction of Dairy Wastewater Grown Microalgae with Dairy Sludge: Study on Synergistic Effect and Sustainable Energy Generation

Singh, P., & Mohanty, K. (2026) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2026.125574 · Cited by 3

Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrothermal Co-Processing of Biomass for Energy Generation

Fatokun, V. O., Tetteh, E. K., & Rathilal, S. (2026) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en19081843 · Cited by 3

Microalgae as a feedstock for bio-aviation fuel production: A review of techno-economic feasibility and socio-environmental impacts

Maheer, U., Badsha, M. M., Ramli, A., Chai, Y. H., Balakrishnan, V., Arafath, M. A., Yahaya, A. N. A., & Hossain, M. S. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109529 · Cited by 3

Principles and technology advances in wastewater treatment through microalgae for bioenergy production

Biswas, S., Maurya, R., & Mohanty, K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85269-2.00026-5 · Cited by 3

Multi-stage extraction process to produce enhanced biocrude from solid waste liquefaction

Kabir, S. B., Lee, E. G., Win, T. S., Smit, H. J., & Hughes, T. J. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145548 · Cited by 2

Effect of severity and mixing ratio of sewage sludge and food waste on biocrude yield via hydrothermal Co-liquefaction

Kawale, H. D., Summers, S., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108701 · Cited by 2

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae and polystyrene waste for oil production

Hedayati, A., & Tavakoli, O. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138948 · Cited by 2

Alternative Bio-Refinery Products From Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Waste

Marx, S., & Venter, R. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819727-1.00035-2 · Cited by 3

Waste to Sustainable Biocrude Production: A Biorefinery Approach

Kokkinos, N. C., Emmanouilidou, E., & Psalidas, A. (2025) · Biofuel and biorefinery technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85036-3_7 · Cited by 2

Technical Aspects and New Developments in First-Generation, Second-Generation and Third-Generation Biorefineries

Arora, R., Mishra, S., Sharma, S. G., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51601-6_3 · Cited by 2

Biofuel production from Nature’s sugars: New horizons in the carbohydrate economy

Roncaglia, F., Ughetti, A., Severini, A., Porcelli, N., Mazzali, M., D’Eusanio, V., & Rigamonti, L. (2026) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2026.104880 · Cited by 1

Sustainable valorization of waste cooking oil by hydrothermal liquefaction into bio-oil using Fe, Cu and Ag-based nanocatalysts

Bawa, S., Kothiyal, N. C., & Mishra, S. (2026) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.122942 · Cited by 1

Biocrude production from hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis: Product characteristics, formation mechanisms, and upgrading strategies

Liu, T., Ashraf, S., Jiang, G., Xiao, L., Xu, M., Guo, M., Xu, D., & Guo, Y. (2026) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2026.102647 · Cited by 2

Modular drinking water systems

Khurana, P., Pulicharla, R., & Brar, S. K. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85421-4.00012-7 · Cited by 1

Production of bio-crude by hydrothermal liquefaction of barks and upgradation to obtain sustainable transportation fuels

Kalagnanam, R., Awadakkam, S., Borugadda, V. B., & Dalai, A. K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99547-4.00007-1 · Cited by 1

Proposal for a Conceptual Biorefinery for the Conversion of Waste into Biocrude, H2 and Electricity Based on Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction and Bioelectrochemical Systems

Bassoli, S. C., Cardozo, M. H. A. D. L., Naves, F. L., Samanamud, G. R. L., & Amaral, M. D. S. (2025) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation11040162 · Cited by 1

Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge. Investigation of the effects of process parameters, recycling of aqueous phase, and co-liquefaction on bio-crude properties: Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge

Shah, A. A. (2021) · doi:10.54337/aau455017119

Lignocellulosic materials. A promising hydrothermal route to biorefinery products

Castro-Vega, A. A., Rodríguez-Riaño, N., Rodríguez-Varela, L. I., Agámez-Pertuz, Y. Y., & Díaz-Velásquez, J. D. J. (2024) · Next Materials · doi:10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100185

Effect of Severity and Mixing Ratio of Sewage Sludge and Food Waste on Biocrude Yield Via Hydrothermal Co-LiquefactionPreprint

Kawale, H. D., Summers, S., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4893520

Co-liquefaction of sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans for sustainable energy production

Shah, S. V., Lamba, B. Y., Tiwari, A. K., Sharma, R., & Pulidindi, I. N. (2025) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-025-03540-x

Hydrothermal Liquids

Tippayawong, N., Onsree, T., & Moran, J. C. (2025) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8086-3_9

Municipal sludge hydrothermal conversion to liquid fuel: Production and upgrading

Xu, D., & Liu, T. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40600-3.00009-0

Valorization of Sargassum via Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction with Food Waste: Effects of Reaction Temperature and Feedstock Ratio on Biocrude Yield and Fuel Properties

Rahman, M. M., & Reza, T. (2026) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en19102277

Integrated co-HTL and two-stage extraction of fecal sludge and rice husk toward high-yield middle-to-heavy distillate-rich biocrude

Khalekuzzaman, M., Islam, M. R., Pantho, N. A., Chowdhury, D. R., & Nasim, K. M. (2026) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108532

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil produced from co-pyrolysis of Mesua ferrea L. oilseed and PET plastic

Komandur, J., Kumar, P., Vinu, R., & Mohanty, K. (2026) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2026.115937

Resource Recovery and Utilization of Water Treatment Sludge

Sun, X., Lu, Y., Qin, X., Xu, X., Liu, Z., Zhao, W., & Xu, N. (2026) · Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance · doi:10.1007/s11665-026-14710-4

Mono and bimetallic Ni/Mg-modified red mud catalysts for co-hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella sorokiniana and sewage sludge: Product characterization and reaction mechanism insights

Tagade, A., Das, A., Rohit, M. V., & Mohanty, K. (2026) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2026.108023

Comparative preparation of waste-derived K-modified activated biochars and proof-of-concept application in sewage-sludge hydrothermal liquefaction

Ismail, R., Mariyam, S., Alherbawi, M., & Al‐Ansari, T. A. (2026) · Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2026.101493

Redox-active coordination catalysts for selective thermochemical valorization of biowaste: Mechanistic insights and structure-performance relationships

Mokhtarian, M., Pikoń, K., & Yousaf, B. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.180569

Production potential of microalgae biomass and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters through domestic and swine wastewater phycoremediation process using Scenedesmus spPreprint

López-Pacheco, I. Y., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, J., Parra‐Saldívar, R., López-Pacheco, L. D., Esquivel-Hernandez, D. A., & González-Meza, G. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11246894/v1

Co-hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae and sewage sludge in subcritical water: Ash effects on bio-oil production

Xu, D., Wang, Y., Lin, G., Guo, S., Wang, S., & Wu, Z. (2019) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.020 · Cited by 128

Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of microalgae, sugarcane bagasse, brewer's spent grain, and sludge from a paper recycling mill: Modeling and evaluation of biocrude and biochar yield

Bassoli, S. C., Sanson, A. L., Naves, F. L., & Amaral, M. D. S. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120626 · Cited by 20

Production of light oil-prone biocrude through co-hydrothermal liquefaction of wastewater-grown microalgae and peat

Hossain, M. R., Khalekuzzaman, M., Kabir, S. B., Islam, M. B., & Bari, Q. H. (2021) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105423 · Cited by 31

Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biofuel and Biocrude Production from Microalgal Feedstock

Lababpour, A. (2018) · ChemBioEng Reviews · doi:10.1002/cben.201700017 · Cited by 23

Hydrothermal liquefaction of a wastewater native Chlorella sp. bacteria consortium: biocrude production and characterization

Boëns, B., Pilon, G., Bourdeau, N., Adjallé, K., & Barnabé, S. (2016) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.3173215