Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: A review
Abstract
Following first-generation and second-generation biofuels produced from food and non-food crops, respectively, algal biomass has become an important feedstock for the production of third-generation biofuels. Microalgal biomass is characterized by rapid growth and high carbon fixing efficiency when they grow. On account of potential of mass production and greenhouse gas uptake, microalgae are promising feedstocks for biofuels development. Thermochemical conversion is an effective process for biofuel production from biomass. The technology mainly includes torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Through these conversion technologies, solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels are produced from microalgae for heat and power generation. The liquid bio-oils can further be upgraded for chemicals, while the synthesis gas can be synthesized into liquid fuels. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the thermochemical conversion technologies of microalgal biomass into fuels. Detailed conversion processes and their outcome are also addressed.
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Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is the most commonly used homogeneous catalyst for microalgae liquefaction.
“Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is the most commonly used homogenous catalyst for microalgae liquefaction [93, 94]”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
Direct combustion of biocrude may lead to high NOx emissions due to high amounts of nitrogen contained in microalgae cells.
“the direct combustion may lead to high NOx emissions, due to the high amounts of nitrogen contained in microalgae cells [93, 117, 118].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
Biocrude may cause corrosion in equipment.
“the biocrude may cause corrosion in equipment”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Chen, W.-H., Lin, B.-J., Huang, M.-Y., & Chang, J.-S.
- Affiliations
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Wei-Hsin
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 184
- Pages
- 314-327
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989515821
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 14
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, R.O.C. (102-D0613)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. (102-2221-E-006-288-MY3)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Keywords
- microalgal biomass, thermochemical conversion, third-generation biofuels, torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, bio-oil upgrading, syngas, heat and power generation
- MeSH terms
- Catalysis, Gases, Temperature, Biomass, Biofuels, Microalgae
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