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An overview of advances in biomass gasification

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Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges

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Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction: Practical Design and Theory

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Co-pyrolysis of waste plastic and solid biomass for synergistic production of biofuels and chemicals-A review

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Biofuels Production by Biomass Gasification: A Review

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Sustainable biofuel and bioenergy production from biomass waste residues using microwave-assisted heating: A comprehensive review

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Torrefaction, pyrolysis and two-stage thermodegradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin

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Effects of temperature and holding time during torrefaction on the pyrolysis behaviors of woody biomass

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Biomass torrefaction technology: Techno-economic status and future prospects

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Progress in microwave pyrolysis conversion of agricultural waste to value-added biofuels: A batch to continuous approach

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Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Reactors: From Chemical Synthesis to the Catalytic Valorization of Biobased Chemicals

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The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

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A review of torrefaction of oil palm solid wastes for biofuel production

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A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

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Integrated process of lignocellulosic biomass torrefaction and pyrolysis for upgrading bio-oil production: A state-of-the-art review

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Insight into the recent advances of microwave pretreatment technologies for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into sustainable biofuel

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Challenges and opportunities in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review

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Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste

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Torrefaction performance and energy usage of biomass wastes and their correlations with torrefaction severity index

Zhang, C., Ho, S., Chen, W., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., & Chang, J. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.129 · Cited by 254

An experimental analysis on property and structure variations of agricultural wastes undergoing torrefaction

Chen, W., Lu, K.-M., & Tsai, C.-M. (2012) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.056 · Cited by 246

A review on advances of torrefaction technologies for biomass processing

Acharya, B., Sule, I., & Dutta, A. (2012) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-012-0058-y · Cited by 244

Hydrothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse via wet torrefaction in association with microwave heating

Chen, W., Ye, S.-C., & Sheen, H.-K. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.101 · Cited by 244

Advances in biomass torrefaction: Parameters, models, reactors, applications, deployment, and market

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A critical review on biomass gasification, co-gasification, and their environmental assessments

Farzad, S., Mandegari, M. A., & Görgens, J. F. (2016) · Biofuel Research Journal · doi:10.18331/brj2016.3.4.3 · Cited by 234

Biomass Torrefaction Process, Product Properties, Reactor Types, and Moving Bed Reactor Design Concepts

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Biomass torrefaction as an emerging technology to aid in energy production

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Steam gasification of various feedstocks at a dual fluidised bed gasifier: Impacts of operation conditions and bed materials

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Fluidized bed gasification of waste-derived fuels

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A Review of Torrefaction Technology for Upgrading Lignocellulosic Biomass to Solid Biofuels

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Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Ribeiro, J. M. C., Godina, R., Matias, J. C. O., & Nunes, L. J. R. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10072323 · Cited by 196

A review on plasma gasification for solid waste disposal

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Co-hydrothermal carbonization of organic solid wastes to hydrochar as potential fuel: A review

Wang, Q., Wu, S., Cui, D., Zhou, H., Wu, D., Pan, S., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158034 · Cited by 194

Effects of temperature and residence time on continuous torrefaction of spruce wood

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Torrefaction of beechwood: A parametric study including heat of reaction and grindability

Ohliger, A., Förster, M., & Kneer, R. (2012) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.112 · Cited by 186

Clean syngas from small commercial biomass gasifiers; a review of gasifier development, recent advances and performance evaluation

Thomson, R., Kwong, P. C. W., Ahmạd, E., & Nigam, K. D. P. (2020) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.160 · Cited by 180

A review on the recent advances in the production of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers via microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass

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Slow pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review

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Torrefaction of biomass: Production of enhanced solid biofuel from municipal solid waste and other types of biomass

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Influence of torrefaction pretreatment on biomass gasification technology

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Thermal behaviour and kinetic study for woody biomass torrefaction and torrefied biomass pyrolysis by TGA

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Model development and energy and exergy analysis of the biomass gasification process (Based on the various biomass sources)

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Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste: A Mini Review

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Gasification of municipal solid waste: Progress, challenges, and prospects

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Pelletizing properties of torrefied spruce

Stelte, W., Clemons, C., Holm, J. K., Sanadi, A. R., Ahrenfeldt, J., Shang, L., & Henriksen, U. B. (2011) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.09.025 · Cited by 170

A review on role of process parameters on pyrolysis of biomass and plastics: Present scope and future opportunities in conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis technologies

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Combustion, pyrolysis and char CO2-gasification characteristics of hydrothermal carbonization solid fuel from municipal solid wastes

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The effects of torrefaction on compositions of bio-oil and syngas from biomass pyrolysis by microwave heating

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Progress in catalytic pyrolysis of municipal solid waste

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Wet torrefaction of microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 with microwave-assisted heating

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Effect of air-flow rate and turning frequency on bio-drying of dewatered sludge

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Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization

Adeleke, A. A., Odusote, J. K., Ikubanni, P. P., Lasode, O. A., Malathi, M., & Paswan, D. (2020) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.5884 · Cited by 145

Effects of water washing and torrefaction pretreatments on rice husk pyrolysis by microwave heating

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Moving torrefaction towards market introduction – Technical improvements and economic-environmental assessment along the overall torrefaction supply chain through the SECTOR project

Thrän, D., Witt, J., Schaubach, K., Kiel, J. H. A., Carbo, M. C., Maier, J., Ndibe, C., Koppejan, J., Alakangas, E. A., Majer, S., et al. (2016) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.004 · Cited by 138

Biomass gasification: Influence of torrefaction on syngas production and tar formation

Dudyński, M., van Dyk, J. C., Kwiatkowski, K., & Sosnowska, M. (2014) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.018 · Cited by 134

Progress in the torrefaction technology for upgrading oil palm wastes to energy-dense biochar: A review

Yek, P. N. Y., Cheng, Y. W., Liew, R. K., Mahari, W. A. W., Ong, H. C., Chen, W., Peng, W., Park, Y.-K., Sonne, C., Kong, S. H., et al. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111645 · Cited by 131

Microwave assisted carbonization and activation of biochar for energy-environment nexus: A review

Mari Selvam, S., & Balasubramanian, P. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131631 · Cited by 129

Optimization of palm kernel shell torrefaction to produce energy densified bio-coal

Asadullah, M., Adi, A. M., Rasid, N. S. A., Malek, N. H., Saringat, M. I. B., & Azdarpour, A. (2014) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.071 · Cited by 126

Review of Novel Combustion Techniques for Clean Power Production in Gas Turbines

Nemitallah, M. A., Rashwan, S. S., Mansir, I. B., Abdelhafez, A. A., & Habib, M. A. (2018) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03607 · Cited by 126

Torrefaction of wheat and barley straw after microwave heating

Satpathy, S., Tabil, L. G., Meda, V., Naik, S. N., & Prasad, R. (2014) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.102 · Cited by 123

Integrating Torrefaction in the Wood Pellet Industry: A Critical Review

Kumar, L., Koukoulas, A. A., Mani, S., & Satyavolu, J. V. (2016) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02803 · Cited by 122

Data-Based Chemical Class Regions for Van Krevelen Diagrams

Laszakovits, J. R., & MacKay, A. A. (2021) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1021/jasms.1c00230 · Cited by 119

Biomass Pyrolysis Technology by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis and Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Review

Liu, J., Hou, Q., Ju, M., Ji, P., Sun, Q., & Li, W. (2020) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal10070742 · Cited by 117

Torrefaction of cedarwood in a pilot scale rotary kiln and the influence of industrial flue gas

Mei, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Q., Yang, H., Shao, J., Draper, C., Zhang, S., & Chen, H. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.113 · Cited by 116

Pyrolysis synergy of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review

Lee, D., Lu, J.-S., & Chang, J. (2020) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123912 · Cited by 116

Biomass torrefaction: An overview of process and technology assessment based on global readiness level

Kota, K. B., Shenbagaraj, S., Sharma, P. K., Sharma, A. K., Ghodke, P. K., & Chen, W. (2022) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124663 · Cited by 116

Effects of moisture content, torrefaction temperature, and die temperature in pilot scale pelletizing of torrefied Norway spruce

Larsson, S. H., Rudolfsson, M., Nordwaeger, M., Olofsson, I., & Samuelsson, R. (2012) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.046 · Cited by 113

Products from the high temperature pyrolysis of RDF at slow and rapid heating rates

Efika, E. C., Onwudili, J. A., & Williams, P. T. (2015) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.01.004 · Cited by 110

Co-processing of oil palm waste and waste oil via microwave co-torrefaction: A waste reduction approach for producing solid fuel product with improved properties

Lam, S. S., Tsang, Y. F., Yek, P. N. Y., Liew, R. K., Osman, M. S., Peng, W., Lee, W. H., & Park, Y.-K. (2019) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2019.05.034 · Cited by 107

Fundamental aspects of biomass carbonisation

Strezov, V., Patterson, M., Zymla, V., Fisher, K. J., Evans, T., & Nelson, P. F. (2006) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.10.014 · Cited by 106

Characterization of biomass waste torrefaction under conventional and microwave heating

Ho, S., Zhang, C., Chen, W., Shen, Y., & Chang, J. (2018) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.047 · Cited by 105

Microwave Torrefaction of Douglas Fir Sawdust Pellets

Ren, S., Lei, H., Wang, L., Bu, Q., Wei, Y., Liang, J., Liu, Y., Julson, J. L., Chen, S., Wu, J. Q., et al. (2012) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef300633c · Cited by 103

Analysing biomass torrefaction supply chain costs

Svanberg, M., Olofsson, I., Flodén, J., & Nordin, A. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.048 · Cited by 102

Stepwise pyrolysis of mixed plastics and paper for separation of oxygenated and hydrocarbon condensates

Sophonrat, N., Sandström, L., Zaini, I. N., & Yang, W. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.006 · Cited by 101

Combined effects of torrefaction and pelletization parameters on the quality of pellets produced from torrefied biomass

Rudolfsson, M., Borén, E., Pommer, L., Nordin, A., & Lestander, T. A. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.035 · Cited by 98

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass: A Review

Krylova, A. Y., & Zaitchenko, V. M. (2018) · Solid Fuel Chemistry · doi:10.3103/s0361521918020076 · Cited by 98

Performance of entrained flow and fluidised bed biomass gasifiers on different scales

Tremel, A., Becherer, D., Fendt, S., Gaderer, M., & Spliethoff, H. (2013) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.02.001 · Cited by 97

The RDF/SRF torrefaction: An effect of temperature on characterization of the product – Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel

Białowiec, A., Pulka, J., Stępień, P., Manczarski, P., & Gołaszewski, J. (2017) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.020 · Cited by 96

Entrained flow gasification of torrefied wood residues

Weiland, F., Nordwaeger, M., Olofsson, I., Wiinikka, H., & Nordin, A. (2014) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.026 · Cited by 92

An assessment of the torrefaction of North American pine and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions

McNamee, P., Adams, P. W. R., McManus, M. C., Dooley, B., Darvell, L. I., Williams, A., & Jones, J. M. (2016) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.01.006 · Cited by 91

Torrefied biomass as feed for fast pyrolysis: An experimental study and chain analysis

Louwes, A. C., Basile, L., Yukananto, R., Bhagwandas, J. C., Bramer, E. A., & Brem, G. (2017) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.06.009 · Cited by 91

Upgrading of refuse derived fuel through torrefaction and carbonization: Evaluation of RDF char fuel properties

Nobre, C., Vilarinho, C., Alves, O., Mendes, B. S., & Gonçalves, M. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.105 · Cited by 91

Torrefaction: a sustainable method for transforming of agri-wastes to high energy density solids (biocoal)

Negi, S., Jaswal, G., Dass, K., Mazumder, K., Elumalai, S., & Roy, J. K. (2020) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09532-2 · Cited by 91

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Surup, G. R., Trubetskaya, A., & Tangstad, M. (2020) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr8111432 · Cited by 91

Review of microwave-based treatments of biomass gasification tar

Li, J., Tao, J., Yan, B., Jiao, L., Chen, G., & Hu, J. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111510 · Cited by 90

Review on Premixed Combustion Technology: Stability, Emission Control, Applications, and Numerical Case Study

Rashwan, S. S., Nemitallah, M. A., & Habib, M. A. (2016) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02386 · Cited by 87

Microwave torrefaction for viable fuel production: A review on theory, affecting factors, potential and challenges

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Torrefaction of biomass and plastic from municipal solid waste streams and their blends: Evaluation of interactive effects

Rago, Y. P., Collard, F., Görgens, J. F., Surroop, D., & Mohee, R. (2020) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118089 · Cited by 84

Effects of adding bulking agents on biostabilization and drying of municipal solid waste

Yuan, J., Zhang, D., Li, Y., Chadwick, D. R., Li, G., Li, Y., & Du, L. (2017) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.027 · Cited by 83

Lower Heating Value Dynamics during Municipal Solid Waste Bio-Drying

Rada, E. C., Franzinelli, A., Taiss, M., Ragazzi, M., Panaitescu, V., & Apostol, T. (2007) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593332808618807 · Cited by 81

Effects of Reactor Design on the Torrefaction of Biomass

Dhungana, A., Basu, P., & Dutta, A. (2012) · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · doi:10.1115/1.4007484 · Cited by 81

Economic analysis on sewage sludge drying and its co-combustion in municipal solid waste power plant

Chen, L., Liao, Y., & Ma, X. (2020) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.038 · Cited by 81

Torrefaction, temperature, and heating rate dependencies of pyrolysis of coffee grounds: Its performances, bio-oils, and emissions

Fu, J., Liu, J., Xu, W., Chen, Z., Evrendilek, F., & Sun, S. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126346 · Cited by 81

Experimental Study on Dry Torrefaction of Beech Wood and Miscanthus

Gucho, E. M., Shahzad, K., Bramer, E., Akhtar, N. A., & Brem, G. (2015) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en8053903 · Cited by 79

Current Trends in the Production and Applications of Torrefied Wood/Biomass - A Review

Eseyin, A. E., Steele, P. H., & Pittman, C. U. J. (2015) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.10.4.8812-8858 · Cited by 79

Entrained flow gasification of biocoal from hydrothermal carbonization

Tremel, A., Stemann, J., Herrmann, M., Erlach, B., & Spliethoff, H. (2012) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.024 · Cited by 76

Techno-economic analysis of integrated torrefaction and pelletization systems to produce torrefied wood pellets

Manouchehrinejad, M., Bilek, E. M., & Mani, S. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.064 · Cited by 75

Effect of temperature and holding time on bamboo torrefaction

Li, M., Li, X., Bian, J., Chen, C.-Z., Yu, Y.-T., & Sun, R. (2015) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.016 · Cited by 74

Residence time distributions of coarse biomass particles in a screw conveyor reactor

Nachenius, R. W., van de Wardt, T., Ronsse, F., & Prins, W. (2014) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.09.039 · Cited by 71

Fate of metals and emissions of organic pollutants from torrefaction of waste wood, MSW, and RDF

Edo, M., Skoglund, N., Gao, Q., Persson, P.-E., & Jansson, S. (2017) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.017 · Cited by 69

Comparative study on the thermal degradation of dry- and wet-torrefied woods

Bach, Q., Tran, K., & Skreiberg, Ø. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.079 · Cited by 68

A critical review on second- and third-generation bioethanol production using microwaved-assisted heating (MAH) pretreatment

Ocreto, J. B., Chen, W., Ubando, A. T., Park, Y., Sharma, A. K., Ashokkumar, V., Ok, Y. S., Kwon, E. E., Rollon, A. P., & de Luna, M. D. G. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111679 · Cited by 67

Torrefaction of pine in a bench-scale screw conveyor reactor

Nachenius, R. W., van de Wardt, T., Ronsse, F., & Prins, W. (2015) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.03.027 · Cited by 66

Torrefaction of eucalyptus-tree residues: a new method for energy and mass balances of the process with the best torrefaction conditions

Cardona, S., Gallego, L. J., Valencia, V., Martínez, E., & Rios, L. A. (2019) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2018.11.002 · Cited by 66

Torrefaction of Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Samad, N. A. F. A., Jamin, N. A., & Saleh, S. B. (2017) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.106 · Cited by 65

Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Fuels

Gao, F. (2010) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/3251 · Cited by 64

Torrefaction of a solid recovered fuel (SRF) to improve the fuel properties for gasification processes

Recari, J., Berrueco, C., Puy, N., Alier, S., Bartrolí, J., & Farriol, X. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.014 · Cited by 63

Effect of the temperature on the spent coffee grounds torrefaction process in a continuous pilot-scale reactor

Barbanera, M., & Muguerza, I. F. (2019) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116493 · Cited by 63

Hydrodynamic study of a toroidal fluidized bed reactor

Shu, J. F., Lakshmanan, V. I., & Dodson, C. E. (2000) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/s0255-2701(00)00097-0 · Cited by 62

Pyrolysis of olive residue/low density polyethylene mixture: Part I Thermogravimetric kinetics

Aboulkas, A., harfi, K. E., & BOUADILI, A. E. (2008) · Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1016/s1872-5813(09)60003-7 · Cited by 62

Kinetic model for torrefaction of wood chips in a pilot-scale continuous reactor

Shang, L., Ahrenfeldt, J., Holm, J. K., Bach, L. S., Stelte, W., & Henriksen, U. B. (2014) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.05.010 · Cited by 62

Impact of Torrefaction on the Chemical Structure of Birch Wood

Khazraie, T., DeMartini, N., Willför, S. M., Pranovich, A. V., Smeds, A. I., Virtanen, T., Maunu, S. L., Verhoeff, F., Kiel, J. H. A., & Hupa, M. M. (2014) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef5004683 · Cited by 62

Enhancement of fuel and physicochemical properties of canola residues via microwave torrefaction

Sarker, T. R., Azargohar, R., Dalai, A. K., & Meda, V. (2021) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.068 · Cited by 62

Unlocking the potential of biofuels via reaction pathways in van Krevelen diagrams

Lozano, D. C. P., Jones, H. E., Reina, T. R., Volpe, R., & Barrow, M. P. (2021) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1gc01796a · Cited by 62

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Amer, M., & Elwardany, A. E. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.90480 · Cited by 62

Challenges and opportunities in the production of sustainable hydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass using microwave-assisted pyrolysis: A review

Sridevi, V., Surya, D. V., Reddy, B. R., Shah, M., Gautam, R., Kumar, T. H., Puppala, H., Pritam, K. S., & Basak, T. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.186 · Cited by 62

Torrefaction of textile waste for production of energy-dense biochar using mass loss as a synthetic indicator

Rago, Y. P., Surroop, D., & Mohee, R. (2017) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.055 · Cited by 61

Study of Fuel Properties of Torrefied Municipal Solid Waste

Yuan, H., Wang, Y., Kobayashi, N., Zhao, D., & Xing, S. (2015) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef502277u · Cited by 60

Techno-economic assessment of biomass-to-ethanol by indirect fluidized bed gasification: Impact of reforming technologies and comparison with entrained flow gasification

Valle, C. R., Perales, A. L. V., Vidal-Barrero, F., & Gómez‐Barea, A. (2013) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.024 · Cited by 59

Influence of potassium carbonate addition on the condensable species released during wood torrefaction

Macedo, L. A., Commandré, J.-M., Rousset, P. L. A., Valette, J., & Pétrissans, M. (2017) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.10.012 · Cited by 58

Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass for Bio-Oil Production: A Review of the Operation Parameters

Zhang, Y., Zhao, W., Li, B., & Xie, G. (2018) · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · doi:10.1115/1.4039604 · Cited by 57

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

Mukherjee, A., Okolie, J. A., Niu, C. H., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c05270 · Cited by 57

An Overview on the Production of Bio-briquettes from Agricultural Wastes: Methods, Processes, and Quality

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Torrefaction of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus: A combined experimental and modeling approach to process synthesis

Arteaga-Pérez, L. E., Segura, C., Espinoza, D., Radović, L. R., & Jiménez, R. (2015) · Energy Sustainable Development/Energy for sustainable development · doi:10.1016/j.esd.2015.08.004 · Cited by 56

Waste to Carbon: Densification of Torrefied Refuse-Derived Fuel

Białowiec, A., Micuda, M., & Koziel, J. A. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11113233 · Cited by 55

Torrefaction and carbonization of refuse derived fuel: Char characterization and evaluation of gaseous and liquid emissions

Nobre, C., Alves, O., Longo, A., Vilarinho, C., & Gonçalves, M. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121325 · Cited by 55

Pyrolysis-Based Municipal Solid Waste Management in Poland—SWOT Analysis

Ławińska, O., Korombel, A., & Zajemska, M. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15020510 · Cited by 55

Microwave co-torrefaction of waste oil and biomass pellets for simultaneous recovery of waste and co-firing fuel

Yek, P. N. Y., Chen, X., Peng, W., Liew, R. K., Cheng, C. K., Sonne, C., Sii, H. S., & Lam, S. S. (2021) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111699 · Cited by 54

Evaluation of torrefied poplar-biomass as a low-cost sorbent for lead and terbium removal from aqueous solutions and energy co-generation

Demey, H., Melkior, T., Chatroux, A., Attar, K., Thiery, S., Miller, H., Grateau, M., Sastre, A. M., & Marchand, M. (2018) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.148 · Cited by 53

Study of Residence Time Distribution in a Pilot-Scale Screw Conveyor Dryer

Waje, S. S., Patel, A. K., Thorat, B. N., & MUJUMDAR, A. S. (2007) · Drying Technology · doi:10.1080/07373930601161120 · Cited by 51

Torrefaction of biomass from municipal solid waste fractions I: Temperature profiles, moisture content, energy consumption, mass yield, and thermochemical properties

Iroba, K. L., Baik, O., & Tabil, L. G. (2017) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.07.009 · Cited by 49

Entrained-flow gasification of torrefied tomato peels: Combining torrefaction experiments with chemical equilibrium modeling for gasification

Brachi, P., Chirone, R., Miccio, F., Miccio, M., & Ruoppolo, G. (2018) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.027 · Cited by 48

Torrefaction of pine wood in a continuous system and optimization of torrefaction conditions

Keivani, B., Gultekin, S. Y., Olgun, H., & Atimtay, A. T. (2018) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.4201 · Cited by 48

Applicability of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) system integrated with pre-drying or torrefaction for flue gas waste heat recovery

Zhou, X., Ping, Z., Zhao, X., Song, Z., Wenlong, W., Sun, J., & Yanpeng, M. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120157 · Cited by 48

A study on torrefaction of spent coffee ground to improve its fuel properties

Nepal, R., Kim, H. J., Poudel, J., & Oh, S. C. (2022) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123643 · Cited by 48

A comprehensive overview of the continuous torrefaction method: Operational characteristics, applications, and challenges

Javanmard, A., Patah, M. F. A., Amir, Z., & Daud, W. M. A. W. (2023) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2023.101199 · Cited by 47

Microwave torrefaction of Prosopis juliflora: Experimental and modeling study

Natarajan, P., Suriapparao, D. V., & Vinu, R. (2017) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.12.007 · Cited by 46

Valorization of Waste Wood as a Solid Fuel by Torrefaction

Poudel, J., Karki, S., & Oh, S. C. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11071641 · Cited by 44

Pyrolysis characteristics and non-isothermal torrefaction kinetics of industrial solid wastes

Bach, Q., Chen, W., Eng, C. F., Wang, C.-W., Liang, K.-C., & Kuo, J.-Y. (2019) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.024 · Cited by 43

Parametric analysis of torrefaction reactor operating under oxygen-lean conditions

Kung, K. S., Thengane, S. K., Shanbhogue, S. J., & Ghoniem, A. F. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.194 · Cited by 43

A Case Study about Biomass Torrefaction on an Industrial Scale: Solutions to Problems Related to Self-Heating, Difficulties in Pelletizing, and Excessive Wear of Production Equipment

Nunes, L. J. R. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10072546 · Cited by 43

Effect of torrefaction temperature on spent coffee grounds thermal behaviour and kinetics

Cardarelli, A., Pinzi, S., & Barbanera, M. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.116 · Cited by 43

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Fluidized Bed Gasification of Solid Waste

Begum, S., Rasul, M. G., Akbar, D., & Cork, D. (2013) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en7010043 · Cited by 43

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Components from Municipal Solid Waste

Vlaskin, M. S., & Vladimirov, G. (2018) · Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1134/s0040579518050421 · Cited by 42

Investigation of self-induced thermoacoustic instabilities in gas turbine combustors

Rashwan, S. S., Mohany, A. M., & Dinçer, İ. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116362 · Cited by 42

Pyrolysis of torrefied rice straw from gas-pressurized and oxidative torrefaction: Pyrolysis kinetic analysis and the properties of biochars

Gao, X., Tan, M., Jiang, S., Huang, Z., Li, C., Lei, T., Wang, Z., Zhu, Y., & Li, H. (2021) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105238 · Cited by 42

Prediction and modeling of the basic properties of biomass after torrefaction pretreatment

Xu, J., Huang, M. Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhou, S., & Ma, Z. (2021) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105287 · Cited by 42

REVE — a new industrial technology for biomass torrefaction: pilot studies

Doassans-Carrère, N., Muller, S., & Mitzkat, M. (2014) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.04.026 · Cited by 41

Microwave treatment combined with conventional heating of plant biomass pellets in a rotated reactor as a high rate process for solid biofuel manufacture

Arshanitsa, A., Akishin, Y., Zīle, E., Dizhbite, T., Solodovnik, V., & Телышева, Г. (2016) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.080 · Cited by 41

Detailed Investigation into Torrefaction of Wood in a Two-Stage Inclined Rotary Torrefier

Granados, D. A., Basu, P., Chejne, F., & Nhuchhen, D. R. (2016) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02524 · Cited by 40

The effect of torrefaction on syngas quality metrics from fluidized bed gasification of SRC willow

Woytiuk, K., Campbell, W., Gerspacher, R., EVITTS, R. W., & Phoenix, A. (2016) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.071 · Cited by 40

Flue gas torrefaction of municipal solid waste: Fuel properties, combustion characterizations, and nitrogen /sulfur emissions

Zhu, X., Li, S., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Zhou, S., Li, N., Yan, B., & Chen, G. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126967 · Cited by 40

A review on the role of susceptors in the recovery of valuable renewable carbon products from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulosic and algal biomasses: Prospects and challenges

Suriapparao, D. V., Tanneru, H. K., & Reddy, B. R. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114378 · Cited by 39

Microwave torrefaction integrated with gasification: Energy and exergy analyses based on Aspen Plus modeling

Jiao, L., Li, J., Yan, B., Chen, G., & Ahmed, S. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119255 · Cited by 36

Commoditization of biomass : dry torrefaction and pelletization - a review

Mościcki, K., Niedźwiecki, Ł., Owczarek, P., & Wnukowski, M. (2014) · Journal of Power Technologies · Cited by 35

Production of Solid Fuel by Torrefaction Using Coconut Leaves As Renewable Biomass

Pestaño, L. D., & José, W. I. (2016) · International Journal of Renewable Energy Development · doi:10.14710/ijred.5.3.187-197 · Cited by 35

Biomass torrefaction in a slot-rectangular spouted bed reactor

Wang, Z., Lim, C. J., & Grace, J. R. (2018) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2018.02.002 · Cited by 35

The co-combustion of torrefied municipal solid waste and coal in bubbling fluidised bed combustor under atmospheric and elevated pressure

Lasek, J. A., Głód, K., & Słowik, K. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.106 · Cited by 35

Torrefaction of organic municipal solid waste to high calorific value solid fuel using batch reactor with helical screw induced rotation

Abdulyekeen, K. A., Daud, W. M. A. W., Patah, M. F. A., & Abnisa, F. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127974 · Cited by 35

Technoeconomic and emissions evaluation of mobile in-woods biochar production

Thengane, S. K., Kung, K. S., York, R. A., Sokhansanj, S., Lim, C. J., & Sanchez, D. L. (2020) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113305 · Cited by 34

Effect of torrefaction on steam-enhanced co-gasification of an urban forest and landfill waste blend: H2 production and CO2 emissions mitigation

Lamas, G. C., Chaves, B. S., Rodrigues, P. P. D. O., Gonzales, T. D. S., Barbosa, T., Rousset, P. L. A., Ghesti, G. F., & Silveira, E. A. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.367 · Cited by 34

Co-Torrefaction Progress of Biomass Residue/Waste Obtained for High-Value Bio-Solid Products

Waheed, A., Naqvi, S. R., & Ali, I. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15218297 · Cited by 31

Effect of process operating conditions in the biomass torrefaction: A simulation study using one-dimensional reactor and process model

Park, C., Zahid, U., Lee, S.-H., & Han, C. (2014) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.085 · Cited by 30

Comparing severity of continuous torrefaction for five biomass with a wide range of bulk density and particle size

Campbell, W. A., Coller, A., & EVITTS, R. W. (2019) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.057 · Cited by 30

The Effect of Swirl Number and Oxidizer Composition on Combustion Characteristics of Non-Premixed Methane Flames

Rashwan, S. S. (2018) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00233 · Cited by 29

Effects of torrefaction on the formation and distribution of dioxins during wood and PVC pyrolysis: An experimental and mechanistic study

Han, Z., Li, J., Gu, T., Yang, R., Fu, Z., Yan, B., & Chen, G. (2021) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105240 · Cited by 28

Microwave Torrefaction of Oat Hull: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time

Valdez, E., Tabil, L. G., Mupondwa, E., Cree, D. E., & Moazed, H. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14144298 · Cited by 27

Biomass Torrefaction in a Two-Stage Rotary Reactor: Modeling and Experimental Validation

Granados, D. A., Basu, P., & Chejne, F. (2017) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00653 · Cited by 26

Microwave wet torrefaction: A catalytic process to convert waste palm shell into porous biochar

Yek, P. N. Y., Osman, M. S., Wong, C. C., Wong, C. S., Kong, S. H., Sie, T. S., Foong, S. Y., Lam, S. S., & Liew, R. K. (2020) · Materials Science for Energy Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.mset.2020.08.004 · Cited by 26

A study of softwood torrefaction and densification for the production of high quality wood pellets

Peng, J. H. (2012) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0059099 · Cited by 25

Torrefaction as a way to increase the waste energy potential

Głód, K., Lasek, J. A., Supernok, K., Pawłowski, P., Fryza, R., & Zuwała, J. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.128606 · Cited by 25

Measuring residence time distributions of wood chips in a screw conveyor reactor

Chamberlin, C. E., Carter, D., & Jacobson, A. E. (2018) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.06.005 · Cited by 24

Determining the Severity of Torrefaction for Multiple Biomass Types Using Carbon Content

Campbell, W. A., & EVITTS, R. W. (2018) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01485 · Cited by 24

Enhancing fuel characteristics of jute sticks (Corchorus Sp.) using fixed bed torrefaction process

Jagadale, M., Gangil, S., & Jadhav, M. L. (2023) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.118992 · Cited by 24

Torrefaction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Pellets using Microwave Irradiation with the Assistance of the Char of Agricultural Residues

Siritheerasas, P., Waiyanate, P., Sekiguchi, H., & Kodama, S. (2017) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.190 · Cited by 23

Impact of Biochar Addition in Microwave Torrefaction of Camelina Straw and Switchgrass for Biofuel Production

Agu, O. S., Tabil, L. G., Mupondwa, E., Emadi, B., & Dumonceaux, T. (2022) · Fuels · doi:10.3390/fuels3040036 · Cited by 23

Effect of Torrefaction on the Properties of Briquettes Produced from Agricultural Waste

Granado, M. P. P., Gadelha, A. M. T., Rodrigues, D. S., Antonio, G. C., & Conti, A. C. D. (2022) · Bioresource Technology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101340 · Cited by 23

ECN Torrefaction Technology Heading for Demonstration

Verhoeff, F., Pels, J. R., Boersma, A. R., Zwart, R. W. R., & Kiel, J. H. A. (2011) · TNO Repository · doi:10.5071/19theubce2011-vp3.2.22 · Cited by 22

Stability to thermal degradation and chemical composition of woody biomass subjected to the torrefaction process

da Silva, C. M. S., Carneiro, A. D. C. O., Pereira, B. L. C., Vital, B. R., Alves, I. C. N., & de Magalhães, M. A. (2016) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1060-z · Cited by 21

Integrated torrefaction-extrusion system for solid fuel pellet production from mixed fiber-plastic wastes: Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment

Kolapkar, S. S., Zinchik, S., Burli, P., Lin, Y., Hartley, D. S., Klinger, J. L., Handler, R. M., & Bar‐Ziv, E. (2021) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107094 · Cited by 21

Review of Torrefaction Reactor Technology

Sun, Y. J., Jiang, J. C., Zhao, S. H., Hu, Y. M., & Zheng, Z. (2011) · Advanced materials research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1149 · Cited by 20

Forecasting the byproducts generated by hydrothermal carbonisation of municipal solid wastes

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Organic Waste Torrefaction – A Review: Reactor Systems, and the Biochar Properties

Stępień, P., Pulka, J., & Białowiec, A. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67644 · Cited by 20

Thermal and Torrefaction Characteristics of a Small-Scale Rotating Drum Reactor

Soponpongpipat, N., Nanetoe, S., & Comsawang, P. (2020) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr8040489 · Cited by 20

Torrefaction of Pulp Industry Sludge to Enhance Its Fuel Characteristics

Doddapaneni, T. R. K. C., Pärn, L., & Kikas, T. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15176175 · Cited by 20

Catalytic hydrothermal gasification of aqueous effluents obtained from microwave torrefaction of agricultural residue

Sarker, T. R., Meda, V., & Dalai, A. K. (2022) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.108835 · Cited by 20

Synergistic evaluation of co-torrefaction performance of rice husk and coffee bean ground blends for biosolid production for industrial fuel sustainability

Ali, A. M., Waheed, A., Shahbaz, M., Mirani, A. A., Shahzad, K., Al-Zahrani, A. A., Nawaz, A. M., & Mahpudz, A. B. (2023) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127891 · Cited by 20

Chlorine Removal from U.S. Solid Waste Blends through Torrefaction

Xu, Z., Albrecht, J. W., Kolapkar, S. S., Zinchik, S., & Bar‐Ziv, E. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10093337 · Cited by 19

Dynamic modeling of a multiple hearth furnace for kaolin calcination

Eskelinen, A., Zakharov, A., Jämsä‐Jounela, S., & Hearle, J. (2015) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.14903 · Cited by 18

An innovative gas-solid torbed reactor for the recycling industries

Dodson, C. E., & Lakshmanan, V. I. (1998) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-998-0189-6 · Cited by 17

Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41

Enhancement of biomass energy: thermal conversion, biogas yield, and machine learning insights

François, M., Lin, K., Hussain, J., & Mdlovu, N. V. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102131 · Cited by 20

Dry vs wet torrefaction of oxytree biomass: A comparative study on fuel properties and energy yield

Ünyay, H., Kostyniuk, A., Szufa, S., Lewandowski, A., Likozar, B., & Wielgosiński, G. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120974 · Cited by 8

Analysis of the factors promoting urban green productivity using a system dynamics simulation

Hou, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13699-5 · Cited by 6

Pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge: Mechanistic effects of process conditions and feldspar catalysis on product formation and biochar carbon permanence

Sudibyo, H., Durán-Jiménez, G., Sudiyani, Y., Cahyani, A., Jupesta, J., Sadewo, B. R., Budhijanto, B., & Budiman, A. T. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107376 · Cited by 5

Maximizing Waste-to-Energy Potential: Optimizing Batch Torrefaction Reactor of Refuse-Derived Fuel for Efficient Gasification

Rashwan, S. S., Boulet, M., & Moreau, S. (2024) · Journal of energy resources technology. · doi:10.1115/1.4066104 · Cited by 2

KINETIC PARAMETERS OF TORREFACTION PROCESS OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRODUCED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF CARBONIZED REFUSE DERIVED FUEL

Stępień, P., & Białowiec, A. (2018) · Detritus · doi:10.31025/2611-4135/2018.13702 · Cited by 24

Evaluation of guide parameters for batch torrefaction experiments of refuse-derived fuel

Rashwan, S. S., Adelusi, O. P., Boulet, M., & Moreau, S. (2023) · doi:10.17118/11143/20834 · Cited by 1

Thermogravimetric analysis of refuse-derived fuel and its sorted fractions under torrefaction conditions

Adelusi, O. P., Boulet, M., & Moreau, S. (2025) · Espace ÉTS (ETS) · doi:10.82417/hyxm-f717

Thermochemical upgrading of Refuse Derived Fuel

Nobre, C. (2019) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1