The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Contestation, contingency, and justice in the Nordic low-carbon energy transition
Open accessAbstract
The five Nordic countries have aggressive climate and energy policies in place and have already emerged to be leaders in renewable energy and energy efficiency. Denmark is renowned for its pioneering use of wind energy, Finland and Sweden bioenergy, Norway hydroelectricity and Iceland geothermal energy. All countries aim to be virtually “fossil free” by 2050. This study explores the Nordic energy transition through the lens of three interconnected research questions: How are they doing it? What challenges exist? And what broader lessons result for energy policy? The study firstly investigates the pathways necessary for these five countries to achieve their low-carbon goals. It argues that a concerted effort must be made to (1) promote decentralized and renewable forms of electricity supply; (2) shift to more sustainable forms of transport; (3) further improve the energy efficiency of residential and commercial buildings; and (4) adopt carbon capture and storage technologies for industry. However, the section that follows emphasizes some of the empirical barriers the Nordic transition must confront, namely political contestation, technological contingency, and social justice and recognition concerns. The study concludes with implications for what such historical progress, and future transition pathways, mean for both energy researchers and energy planners.
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“The research is placed in a Nordic context as these nations have traditionally been positioned at the top various indicators in favor of EV diffusion (for example, that they can afford EVs, often considered an expensive technology), as well as being recognized for pushing aggressive decarbonization agendas within the energy and transport sectors”
From Understanding the socio-technical nexus of Nordic electric vehicle (EV) barriers: A qualitative discussion of range, price, charging and knowledge (2020) · cites this paper as Sovacool, 2017
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Cites
From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems
Geels, F. W. (2004) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.015 · Cited by 4,098
Energy justice: Conceptual insights and practical applications
Sovacool, B. K., & Dworkin, M. H. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.002 · Cited by 1,646
Self-citationHow long will it take? Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions
Sovacool, B. K. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.020 · Cited by 1,221
Self-citationEnergy storage for mitigating the variability of renewable electricity sources: An updated review
Beaudin, M., Zareipour, H., Schellenberglabe, A., & Rosehart, W. (2010) · Energy Sustainable Development/Energy for sustainable development · doi:10.1016/j.esd.2010.09.007 · Cited by 1,092
Energy decisions reframed as justice and ethical concerns
Sovacool, B. K., Heffron, R. J., McCauley, D., & Goldthau, A. C. (2016) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.24 · Cited by 743
Self-citationThe role of lock-in mechanisms in transition processes: The case of energy for road transport
Klitkou, A., Bolwig, S., Hansen, T., & Wessberg, N. (2015) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.005 · Cited by 342
Fischer, G., Prieler, S., van Velthuizen, H., Berndes, G., Faaij, A. P. C., Londo, M., & de Wit, M. (2009) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.07.009 · Cited by 308
Historical energy transitions: Speed, prices and system transformation
Fouquet, R. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.014 · Cited by 296
Kern, F., & Rogge, K. S. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.016 · Cited by 264
Examining energy transitions: A dozen insights based on performance
Smil, V. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.017 · Cited by 239
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Zhang, W., Sovacool, B. K., Griffiths, S., Heinz, E., Gianotti, A. G. S., Asif, M., Nordensvärd, J., Urban, F., & Kwan, T. A. (2026) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2026.101215
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sovacool, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sovacool, Benjamin K.
- Venue
- Energy Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 569-582
- ISSN
- 0301-4215 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2574034258
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 10.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-05-01)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) Energy Program (EP/K011790/1)
- Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF) Sapere Aude (4182-00033B)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Renewable Energy and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Energy › General Energy › Global Energy Security and Policy
- Keywords
- low-carbon transition, renewable energy, wind energy, bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal energy, sustainable transport, building energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage, political contestation, social justice, recognition, energy transition pathways
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