How effective are EU minimum energy performance standards and energy labels for cold appliances?
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There is precedent for efficiency policies in other sectors, including the EU energy label, minimum performance standards for white appliances, bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance, fuel economy standards, and international shipping.
“there is precedent for such policies in other sectors: the EU energy label and minimum performance standards for white appliances35, bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance36 or fuel economy standards37, as recently approved by the Marine Environment Protection Committee for international shipping38.”
From Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
Cites
Nudging Energy Efficiency Behavior: The Role of Information Labels
Newell, R. G., & Siikamäki, J. (2014) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/679281 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
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Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency
Gössling, S., Klöwer, M., Leitão, J. C., Hirsch, S., Brockhagen, D., & Humpe, A. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-03069-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Notably, there is precedent for such policies in other sectors: the EU energy label and minimum performance standards for white appliances 35 , bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance 36 orfueleconomystandards 37 ,asrecentlyapprovedbytheMarine EnvironmentProtectionCommitteeforinternationalshipping…”
- Authors
- Schleich, J., Durand, A., & Brugger, H.
- Affiliations
- Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schleich, Joachim
- Venue
- Energy Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 149
- Pages
- 112069
- ISSN
- 0301-4215 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3110833992
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy Policy (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy Efficiency and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Keywords
- minimum energy performance standards, energy labels, refrigerators, energy efficiency policy, policy evaluation, autonomous development, cross-country heterogeneity
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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