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Recommendations for reporting equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations based on long-term pan-European in-situ observations
Open accessAbstract
A reliable determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations derived from filter absorption photometers (FAPs) measurements depends on the appropriate quantification of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) for converting the absorption coefficient (babs) to eBC. This study investigates the spatial–temporal variability of the MAC obtained from simultaneous elemental carbon (EC) and babs measurements performed at 22 sites. We compared different methodologies for retrieving eBC integrating different options for calculating MAC including: locally derived, median value calculated from 22 sites, and site-specific rolling MAC. The eBC concentrations that underwent correction using these methods were identified as LeBC (local MAC), MeBC (median MAC), and ReBC (Rolling MAC) respectively. Pronounced differences (up to more than 50 %) were observed between eBC as directly provided by FAPs (NeBC; Nominal instrumental MAC) and ReBC due to the differences observed between the experimental and nominal MAC values. The median MAC was 7.8 ± 3.4 m2 g-1 from 12 aethalometers at 880 nm, and 10.6 ± 4.7 m2 g-1 from 10 MAAPs at 637 nm. The experimental MAC showed significant site and seasonal dependencies, with heterogeneous patterns between summer and winter in different regions. In addition, long-term trend analysis revealed statistically significant (s.s.) decreasing trends in EC. Interestingly, we showed that the corresponding corrected eBC trends are not independent of the way eBC is calculated due to the variability of MAC. NeBC and EC decreasing trends were consistent at sites with no significant trend in experimental MAC. Conversely, where MAC showed s.s. trend, the NeBC and EC trends were not consistent while ReBC concentration followed the same pattern as EC. These results underscore the importance of accounting for MAC variations when deriving eBC measurements from FAPs and emphasize the necessity of incorporating EC observations to constrain the uncertainty associated with eBC.
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The eBC mass concentration estimates may be overestimated because the MAC values used (6.3-6.6 m2 g−1 at 624 nm) are lower than local MAC values reported for the MAAP (10.6 ± 4.7 m2 g−1).
“These relatively low values can however lead to an overestimation of the eBC mass concentration as suggested by the study of Savadkoohi et al. (2024), which reported that local MAC values for the MAAP were typically higher than the nominal value of the instrument (10.6 ± 4.7 m 2 g -1 ).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Savadkoohi et al. (2024)
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Savadkoohi, M., Pandolfi, M., Favez, O., Putaud, J.-P., Eleftheriadis, K., Fiebig, M., Hopke, P. K., Laj, P., Wiedensohler, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bastian, S., Chazeau, B., María, Á. C., Colombi, C., Costabile, F., Green, D. C., Hueglin, C., Liakakou, E., Luoma, K., Listrani, S., Mihalopoulos, N., Marchand, N., Močnik, G., Niemi, J. V., Ondráček, J., Petit, J.-E., Rattigan, O. V., Reche, C., Timonen, H., Titos, G., Tremper, A. H., Vratolis, S., Vodička, P., Funes, E. Y., Zíková, N., Harrison, R. M., Petäjä, T., Alastuey, A., & Querol, X.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (ES)
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (FR)
- Joint Research Centre (IT)
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" (GR)
- NILU (NO)
- Clarkson University (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (DE)
- Azienda Regionale per la protezione dell'ambiente Lombardia (IT)
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (IT)
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health (GB)
- Empa (CH)
- National Observatory of Athens (GR)
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI)
- Agenzia Regionale protezione ambientale del Lazio (IT)
- University of Nova Gorica (SI)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (US)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Savadkoohi, Marjan
- Pandolfi, Marco
- ORCID
- Savadkoohi, Marjan
- Pandolfi, Marco
- Favez, Olivier
- Putaud, Jean-Philippe
- Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos
- Fiebig, Markus
- Hopke, Philip K.
- Laj, Paolo
- Wiedensohler, Alfred
- Chazeau, Benjamin
- Colombi, Cristina
- Costabile, Francesca
- Green, David C.
- Hueglin, Christoph
- Liakakou, Eleni
- Luoma, Krista
- Mihalopoulos, Nikos
- Marchand, Nicolas
- Močnik, Griša
- Niemi, Jarkko V.
- Ondráček, Jakub
- Petit, Jean-Eudes
- Rattigan, Oliver V.
- Reche, Cristina
- Timonen, Hilkka
- Titos, Gloria
- Tremper, Anja H.
- Vratolis, Stergios
- Vodička, Petr
- Zíková, Naděžda
- Harrison, Roy M.
- Petäjä, Tuukka
- Alastuey, Andrés
- Querol, Xavier
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-03
- Volume
- 185
- Pages
- 108553
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392627177
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 8.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environment International (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- NILU Brage (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- RUNG (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- TECNALIA Publications (Fundación TECNALIA Research & Innovation) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Spanish Scientific Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- equivalent black carbon, mass absorption cross-section, aethalometer, elemental carbon, long-term trends
- MeSH terms
- Aerosols, Air Pollutants, Carbon, Environmental Monitoring, Seasons, Particulate Matter, Soot
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