The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of a start-stop system for gasoline direct injection vehicles on fuel consumption and particulate emissions in hot and cold environments
Open accessAbstract
Engine start-stop (S&S) technology has been substantially incorporated into modern vehicles to save fuel during idling in congested urban areas because fuel economy regulations have become more stringent. However, the potential for increasing particle emissions after engine restarts, especially in cold environments, is of great concern. To investigate the effects of S&S systems on fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions, a chassis dynamometer was employed to measure the fuel consumption, particulate matter (PM), solid particle number (PN), particle number size distribution and black carbon (BC) for a typical gasoline direct injection vehicle when the S&S was on (S&S-on) and when the S&S was off (S&S-off) according to the worldwide harmonized light-duty test cycle in both hot (28 °C) and cold (5 °C) environments. S&S operation resulted in 3.1-4.3% fuel-savings at 28 °C but had a tendency to increase particulate emissions, especially of BC (21.8-31.8%) and PM (19.2-32.8%). Although PN emissions with S&S-on over the entire cycle were slightly lower than those with S&S-off, more particles were emitted during the engine restart moments. In a cold environment, the fuel-savings advantage of the S&S system was weakened, and the negative impacts on the particle emissions during the restart moment worsened. The S&S system resulted in higher abundances of accumulation mode particles, especially under cold ambient conditions. The relationship between the PN reduction rates and idling seg…
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“Under extremely cold conditions, pollution emission rates from domestic heating and energy production are generally high, and traffic emissions at cold temperatures can release comparatively more pollutants than under higher temperatures due to inefficient combustion conditions (e.g., Brett et al., 2025;Weber et al., 2019;Zhu et al., 2022).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Zhu et al., 2022
In the citing paper
“Under extremely cold conditions, pollution emission rates from domestic heating and energy production are generally high, and traffic emissions at cold temperatures can release comparatively more pollutants than under higher temperatures due to inefficient combustion conditions (e.g., Brett et al., 2025;Weber et al., 2019;Zhu et al., 2022).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Zhu et al., 2022
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Cites
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Gkatzelis, G. I., Coggon, M. M., McDonald, B., Peischl, J., Gilman, J. B., Aikin, K. C., Robinson, M. A., Canonaco, F., Prévôt, A. S. H., Trainer, M., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05471 · Cited by 264
Saliba, G., Saleh, R., Zhao, Y., Presto, A. A., Lambe, A. T., Frodin, B., Sardar, S. B., Maldonado, H., Maddox, C., May, A. A., et al. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b06509 · Cited by 250
Impact of cold temperature on Euro 6 passenger car emissions
Suárez‐Bertoa, R., & Astorga, C. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.096 · Cited by 206
Zhu, R., Hu, J., Bao, X., He, L., Lai, Y., Lei, Z. K., Li, Y., & Su, S. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.066 · Cited by 152
Self-citationYusuf, A. A., & Inambao, F. L. (2019) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2019.100417 · Cited by 152
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Influence of the stop/start system on CO2 emissions of a diesel vehicle in urban traffic
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hu, 2020, Study on the effect of idle start-stop technology on fuel consumption and particle number emission of GDI vehicle, China Environ. Sci., 40, 1016∼1022
- Qian, 2015, Off-cycle fuel consumption test and evaluation on start-stop light duty vehicles in China, J. Automot. Safety Energy, 6, 171
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impact of Modern Vehicular Technologies and Emission Regulations on Improving Global Air Quality
Ravi, S. S., Osipov, S., & Turner, J. W. G. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14071164 · Cited by 65
Reducing gasoline engine emissions using novel bio-based oxygenates: a review
Dhamodaran, G., Esakkimuthu, G. S., Palani, T., & Arivazhagan, S. (2023) · Emergent Materials · doi:10.1007/s42247-023-00470-7 · Cited by 35
Mądziel, M. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31022-5 · Cited by 30
Optical properties of vehicular brown carbon emissions: Road tunnel and chassis dynamometer tests
Ho, C. S., Lv, Z., Peng, J., Zhang, J., Choe, T.-H., Zhang, Q., Du, Z., & Mao, H. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121037 · Cited by 23
Mądziel, M. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17122815 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, R., Fu, Y., Wang, L., Hu, J., He, L., Wang, M., Lai, Y., & Su, S.
- Affiliations
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CN)
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Jingnan
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 308
- Pages
- 119689
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283575913
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 299 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Engine and Fuel Emissions
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
- Keywords
- start-stop systems, gasoline direct injection, fuel consumption, particulate emissions, black carbon, particle number, particle size distribution, engine restart, idling, fuel economy, accumulation mode particles, light-duty vehicles
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Vehicle Emissions, Dust, Gasoline, Motor Vehicles, Particulate Matter, Soot
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