Trimester specific PM2.5 exposure and fetal growth in Ohio, 2007–2010
Open accessAbstract
Background Exposure to particulate matter, particularly with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM 2.5), may increase inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women and affect fetal growth. We examined trimester specific PM 2.5 exposure levels and small for gestational age (SGA) using the statewide birth registry of Ohio from 2007 to 2010. Methods Exposure to PM 2.5 in each trimester and for each gestational week was determined using data from 57 Environmental Protection Agency network monitoring stations across the state of Ohio. We restricted the data to 224,921 singleton live births, with a gestational age of 20-42 weeks, no genetic disorders or congenital abnormalities, and who had home addresses within a 10 km radius of any PM 2.5 monitoring station. We estimated odds ratios of SGA using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and Distributed Lag Models (DLMs), and adjustment for maternal age, race, education, parity, body mass index, insurance type, tobacco use, prenatal care initiation, birth year, season of birth, and sex of the baby. Results Mean PM 2.5 levels during the entire pregnancy were 13.03 µg/m 3 with a standard deviation of 1.57 µg/m 3. Covariates adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of a 10 µg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 levels with a 10 km buffer radius for SGA and trimesters modeled separately were 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) for the first trimester, 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) for the second trimester, 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) for the third trimester, and 0.92 (0.81, 1.06) for the entire pregnancy. When a 5 km buffer radius was used, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for SGA were 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) for the first trimester, 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) for the second trimester, 1.09 (1.02, 1.17) for the third trimester, and 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) for the overall pregnancy, indicating sensitivity to buffer choice. DLMs showed gestational weeks 30-35 to be a particular window of vulnerability. Conclusion Increasing exposure to PM 2.5 during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a small increase in risk of SGA in this population-based study. Selection of a buffer radius significantly impacted our results in the first trimester, but not in the third trimester.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Percy et al. demonstrated increasing exposure to PM2.5 during the third trimester, in particular between 30 and 35 weeks of gestation, was associated with an increased risk for small for gestational age babies.
“Percy et al. [15] demonstrated increasing exposure to PM2.5 during the third trimester, in particular between 30 and 35 weeks of gestation, was associated with an increased risk for small for gestational age babies.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis
Zhu, X., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Yao, C., Che, Z., & Cao, J. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3458-7 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
DeFranco, E., Hall, E., Hossain, M., Chen, A., Haynes, E. N., Jones, D., Ren, S., Lu, L., & Muglia, L. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120594 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Rat Placenta Pathology and Perinatal Outcomes
Liu, Y., Wang, L., Wang, F., & Li, C. (2016) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.897808 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 34
- Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, Mor J, Kogan M, 1996 A United States National Reference for Fetal Growth. Obstet. Gynecol 87, 163– 168. 8559516
- Bell ML, Belanger K, 2012 Review of research on residential mobility during pregnancy: consequences for assessment of prenatal environmental exposures. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol 22, 429– 438. 10.1038/jes.2012.42 22617723 PMC3543155 · DOI
- Bell ML, Ebisu K, 2012 Environmental inequality in exposures to airborne particulate matter components in the United States. Environ. Health Perspect 120, 1699– 704. 10.1289/ehp.1205201 22889745 PMC3546368 · DOI
- Brucker N, Moro AM, Charão MF, Durgante J, Freitas F, Baierle M, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Bulcão RP, Bubols GB, Ferrari PD, Thiesen FV, Gioda A, Duarte MMMF, de Castro I, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC, 2013 Biomarkers of occupational exposure to air pollution, inflammation and oxidative damage in taxi drivers. Sci. Total Environ 463–464, 884– 893. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.098 23872245 · DOI
- Clayton PE, Cianfarani S, Czernichow P, Johannsson G, Rapaport R, Rogol AD, 2007 Consensus statement: Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: A consensus statement of the international societies of pediatric endocrinology and the growth hormone research society. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 92, 804– 810. 10.1210/jc.2006-2017 17200164 · DOI
- Coker E, Ghosh J, Jerrett M, Gomez-Rubio V, Beckerman B, Cockburn M, Liverani S, Su J, Li A, Kile ML, Ritz B, Molitor J, 2015 Modeling spatial effects of PM2.5 on term low birth weight in Los Angeles County. Environ. Res 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.044 26196780 · DOI
- Dadvand P, Parker J, Bell ML, Bonzini M, Brauer M, Darrow LA, Gehring U, Glinianaia SV, Gouveia N, Ha EH, Leem JH, van den Hooven EH, Jalaludin B, Jesdale BM, Lepeule J, Morello-Frosch R, Morgan GG, Pesatori AC, Pierik FH, Pless-Mulloli T, Rich DQ, Sathyanarayana S, Seo J, Slama R, Strickland M, Tamburic L, Wartenberg D, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Woodruff TJ, 2013 Maternal exposure to particulate air pollution and term birth weight: A multi-country evaluation of effect and heterogeneity. Environ. Health Perspect 121, 367– 373. 10.1289/ehp.1205575 PMC3621183 23384584 · DOI
- Defranco E, Moravec W, Xu F, Hall E, Hossain M, Haynes EN, Muglia L, Chen A, 2016 Exposure to airborne particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth: a population-based cohort study. Environ. Heal 15, 1– 8. 10.1186/s12940-016-0094-3 PMC4714531 26768419 · DOI · Paper page
- Fiaz AS, Rhoads GG, Demissie K, Kruse L, Lin Y, Rich DQ, 2012 Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Stillbirth. Am. J. Epidemiol 176, 308– 316. 10.1093/aje/kws029 22811493 PMC3491970 · DOI
- Gasparrini A, 2014 Modeling exposure-lag-response associations with distributed lag nonlinear models. Stat. Med 33, 881– 899. 10.1002/sim.5963 24027094 PMC4098103 · DOI
- Gasparrini A, 2011 Distributed Lag Linear and Non-Linear Models in R: The Package dlnm. J. Stat. Softw 43, 1– 20. PMC3191524 22003319
- Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Bell R, Pless-Mulloli T, Howel D, 2004 Does particulate air pollution contribute to infant death? A systematic review. Environ. Health Perspect 112, 1365– 1370. 10.1289/ehp.6857 15471726 PMC1247561 · DOI
- Grantz KL, Hediger ML, Liu D, Louis GMB, 2018 Fetal growth standards: the NICHD fetal growth study approach in context with INTERGROWTH-21st and the World Health organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol 218, S641– S655.e28. 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.593 29275821 PMC5807181 · DOI · Paper page
- Hall ES, Connolly N, Jones DE, DeFranco EA, 2014 Integrating public data sets for analysis of maternal airborne environmental exposures and stillbirth. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2014, 599– 605. 25954365 PMC4419928
- Hsu HL, Chiu YM, Coull BA, Kloog I, Schwartz J, Lee A, Wright RO, Wright RJ, 2015 Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences. Am. J. Respir. Critial Care Med 192, 1052– 1059. 10.1164/rccm.201504-0658OC PMC4642201 26176842 · DOI
- Hyder A, Lee HJ, Ebisu K, Koutrakis P, Belanger K, Bell ML, 2014 PM2.5 Exposure and Birth Outcomes: Use of satellite- and monitor-based data. Epidemiology 25, 58– 67. 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000027 24240652 PMC4009503 · DOI
- Mannes T, Jalaludin B, Morgan G, Lincoln D, Sheppeard V, Corbett S, 2005 Impact of ambient air pollution on birth weight in Sydney, Australia. Occup. Environ. Med 10.1136/oem.2004.014282 PMC1741072 16046604 · DOI
- Olsson D, Mogren I, Forsberg B, 2013 Air pollution exposure in early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A register-based cohort study. BMJ Open 3, 1– 8. 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001955 PMC3585966 23386578 · DOI
- Parker JD, Woodruff TJ, Basu R, Schoendorf KC, 2005 Air Pollution and Birth Weight Among Term Infants in California. Pediatrics 115, 121– 128. 10.1542/peds.2004-0889 15629991 · DOI
- Patel MM, Chillrud SN, Deepti KC, Ross JM, Kinney PL, 2013 Traffic-related air pollutants and exhaled markers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress in New York City adolescents. Environ. Res 121, 71– 78. 10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.012 23177171 PMC3577992 · DOI
- Ren S, Haynes E, Hall E, Hossain M, Chen A, Muglia L, Lu L, DeFranco E, 2017 Periconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Risk of Congenital Malformations. J. Pediatr 193, 76– 84.e6. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.076 29237538 PMC5794608 · DOI
- Rich DQ, Demissie K, Lu SE, Kamat L, Wartenberg D, Rhoads GG, 2009 Ambient air pollutant concentrations during pregnancy and the risk of fetal growth restriction. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 63, 488– 496. 10.1136/jech.2008.082792 19359274 PMC4019072 · DOI
- Sheffield PE, Speranza R, Chiu YM, Hsu L, Curtin PC, Renzetti S, Pajak A, Coull B, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Wright RJ, 2018 Association between particulate air pollution exposure during pregnancy and postpartum maternal psychological functioning. PLoS One 1– 12. PMC5905884 29668689
- Smith RB, Fecht D, Gulliver J, Beevers SD, Dajnak D, Blangiardo M, Ghosh RE, Hansell AL, Kelly FJ, Ross Anderson H, Toledano MB, 2017 Impact of London’s road traffic air and noise pollution on birth weight: Retrospective population based cohort study. BMJ 359, 1– 13. 10.1136/bmj.j5299 PMC5712860 29208602 · DOI
- Sram RJ, Binkova B, Dostal M, Merkerova-Dostalova M, Libalova H, Milcova A, Rossner P, Rossnerova A, Schmuczerova J, Svecova V, Topinka J, Votavova H, 2013 Health impact of air pollution to children. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.001 23312845 · DOI
- Stieb DM, Chen L, Beckerman BS, Jerrett M, Crouse DL, Omariba DWR, Peters PA, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Burnett RT, Gilbert NL, Tjepkema M, Liu S, Dugandzic RM, 2015 Associations of Pregnancy Outcomes and PM2.5 in a National Canadian Study. Environ. Health Perspect 10.1289/ehp.1408995 PMC4749076 26090691 · DOI
- Talge NM, Mudd LM, Sikorskii A, Basso O, 2014 United States Birth Weight Reference Corrected For Implausible Gestational Age Estimates. Pediatrics 133, 844– 853. 10.1542/peds.2013-3285 24777216 · DOI
- Van Den Hooven EH, De Kluizenaar Y, Pierik FH, Hofman A, Van Ratingen SW, Zandveld PYJ, MacKenbach JP, Steegers EAP, Miedema HME, Jaddoe VWV, 2011 Air pollution, blood pressure, and the risk of hypertensive complications during pregnancy: The generation r study. Hypertension 57, 406– 412. 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164087 21220700 · DOI
- Veras MM, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Caldini EG, Ribeiro AACM, Mayhew TM, Saldiva PHN, Dolhnikoff M, 2008 Particulate Urban Air Pollution Affects the Functional Morphology of Mouse Placental. Biol. Reprod 79, 578– 584. 10.1095/biolreprod.108.069591 18509159 · DOI · Paper page
- Vinikoor-Imler LC, Gray SC, Edwards SE, Miranda ML, 2012 The effects of exposure to particulate matter and neighbourhood deprivation on gestational hypertension. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol 26, 91– 100. 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01245.x 22324494 · DOI
- Wilson A, Chiu YHM, Hsu HHL, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Coull BA, 2017 Potential for Bias When Estimating Critical Windows for Air Pollution in Children’s Health. Am. J. Epidemiol 186, 1281– 1289. 10.1093/aje/kwx184 29206986 PMC5860147 · DOI
- Wu H, Jiang B, Zhu P, Geng X, Liu Z, Cui L, Yang L, 2018 Associations between maternal weekly air pollutant exposures and low birth weight: A distributed lag non-linear model. Environ. Res. Lett 13 10.1088/1748-9326/aaa346 · DOI
- Wu J, Ren C, Delfino RJ, Chung J, Wilhelm M, Ritz B, 2009 Association between local traffic-generated air pollution and preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Environ. Health Perspect 117, 1773– 1779. 10.1289/ehp.0800334 20049131 PMC2801174 · DOI
- Zhu Y, Hinds WC, Kim S, Sioutas C, 2002 Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a major highway. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc 52, 1032– 1042. 10.1080/10473289.2002.10470842 12269664 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Johnson, N. M., Hoffmann, A. R., Behlen, J. C., Lau, C., Pendleton, D., Harvey, N., Shore, R., Li, Y., Chen, J., Tian, Y., et al. (2021) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“[15] demonstrated increasing exposure to PM2.”
- Authors
- Percy, Z., DeFranco, E., Xu, F., Hall, E. S., Haynes, E. N., Jones, D., Muglia, L. J., & Chen, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Aimin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 171
- Pages
- 111-118
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6382528
- OpenAlex
- W2909097680
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- March of Dimes Foundation (22-FY13-543)
- University of Cincinnati Medical Scientist Training Program (2T32GM063483-1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- PM2.5, particulate matter, air pollution exposure, fetal growth, small for gestational age, trimester-specific exposure, prenatal exposure, birth outcomes, Ohio, air quality monitoring stations, distributed lag models, birth registry, oxidative stress, inflammation in pregnancy, gestational age, singleton live births, tobacco use, prenatal care, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Ohio, Pregnancy, Maternal Exposure, Fetal Development, Particulate Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
