The DOI matches its Crossref record; 103 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Organic haze, glaciations and multiple sulfur isotopes in the Mid-Archean Era
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Consequently, the structure of S-MIF variations in Archean sedimentary minerals and their correlation with light, organic δ13C have been attributed to episodic hazes driven by variable atmospheric CH4:CO2 ratios (60, 193–196).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“In the Archean, as well as anoxia, gases such as CH4 or H2 produced sufficiently reducing conditions that S, S2, S3, etc. gases persisted and polymerized into S8 (44, 60).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles
Bohren, C. F., & Huffman, D. R. (1998) · doi:10.1002/9783527618156 · Cited by 18,474
The geochemical evolution of the continental crust
Taylor, S. R., & McLennan, S. M. (1995) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/95rg00262 · Cited by 4,643
The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation
Claypool, G. E., Holser, W. T., Kaplan, I. R., Sakai, H., & Zak, I. (1980) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/0009-2541(80)90047-9 · Cited by 1,948
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Holland, H. D. (1984) · doi:10.1515/9780691220239 · Cited by 1,836
Atmospheric Influence of Earth's Earliest Sulfur Cycle
Farquhar, J., Bao, H., & Thiemens, M. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5480.756 · Cited by 1,805
Self-citationFlux of Gases across the Air-Sea Interface
Liss, P. S., & Slater, P. G. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/247181a0 · Cited by 1,619
Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Bekker, A., Holland, H. D., Wang, P.-L., Rumble, D., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., Coetzee, L. L., & Beukes, N. J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02260 · Cited by 1,435
Earth's earliest biosphere : its origin and evolution
Schopf, J. W. (1983) · Cited by 1,287
Archean Molecular Fossils and the Early Rise of Eukaryotes
Brocks, J. J., Logan, G. A., Buick, R., & Summons, R. E. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5430.1033 · Cited by 1,275
THE EARLY HISTORY OF ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN: Homage to Robert M. Garrels
Canfield, D. E. (2005) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122711 · Cited by 1,032
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 106 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Johnston, D.T., Farquhar J., Summons, R.E., Shen, Y., Masterson, A.L., Kaufman, A.J., Canfield, D.E., in press-a. Sulphur isotope geochemistry of restricted and open marine settings. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta.
- Johnston, D.T., Farquhar, J., Habicht, K.S., Canfield, D.E., in press-b. Sulphur isotopes and the search for life. Geobiology.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 204
Impact of the Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase Superfamily on the Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
Wells, M., Kim, M., Akob, D. M., Basu, P., & Stolz, J. F. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.04145-22 · Cited by 33
Haberle, R. M., Catling, D. C., Carr, M. H., & Zahnle, K. J. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139060172.017 · Cited by 32
Roberge, A., Rizzo, M., Lincowski, A., Arney, G., Stark, C. C., Robinson, T. D., Snyder, G. F., Pueyo, L. A., Zimmerman, N. T., Jansen, T., et al. (2017) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aa8fc4 · Cited by 26
Reed, N. W., Wing, B. A., Tolbert, M. A., & Browne, E. C. (2022) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl097032 · Cited by 30
Mass-Independent Isotopic Composition of Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Materials
Thiemens, M. H., & Shaheen, R. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00406-x · Cited by 27
Zahnle, K. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/454041a · Cited by 26
Zelano, I., Cloquet, C., Fraysse, F., Dong, S., Janot, N., Echevarria, G., & Montargès‐Pelletier, E. (2018) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.023 · Cited by 26
Exploring the Atmosphere of Neoproterozoic Earth: The Effect of O2 on Haze Formation and Composition
Hörst, S. M., He, C., Ugelow, M. S., Jellinek, A. M., Pierrehumbert, R. T., & Tolbert, M. A. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabd7d · Cited by 27
Sulphur cycling in a Neoarchaean microbial mat
Meyer, N. R., Zerkle, A. L., & Fike, D. A. (2017) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12227 · Cited by 25
Guy, B. M., Ono, S., Gutzmer, J., Lin, Y., & Beukes, N. J. (2014) · Mineralium Deposita · doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0518-3 · Cited by 26
Hao, J., Sverjensky, D. A., & Hazen, R. M. (2019) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.05.022 · Cited by 24
(2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511902574 · Cited by 21
Grosch, E. G., & McLoughlin, N. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.035 · Cited by 20
Liu, P., Harman, C. E., Kasting, J. F., Hu, Y., & Wang, J. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115767 · Cited by 20
Self-citationQuadruple sulfur isotopic fractionation during pyrite desulfidation to pyrrhotite
Liu, L., Mavrogenes, J., Holden, P. N., & Ireland, T. R. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.024 · Cited by 18
Impact of Hydrogen Sulfide on Photochemical Haze Formation in Methane/Nitrogen Atmospheres
Reed, N. W., Browne, E. C., & Tolbert, M. A. (2020) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00086 · Cited by 22
Coogan, L. A. (2009) · GSA Today · doi:10.1130/gsatg41a.1 · Cited by 18
Earth: Atmospheric Evolution of a Habitable Planet
Olson, S. L., Schwieterman, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Lyons, T. W. (2018) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 18
Sulfur and mercury MIF suggest volcanic contributions to Earth’s atmosphere at 2.7 Ga
Zerkle, A. L., Claire, M. W., Rocco, T. D., Grassineau, N. V., Nisbet, E. G., Sun, R., & Yin, R. (2021) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.2124 · Cited by 17
Reed, N. W., Shearer, R. L., McGlynn, S. E., Wing, B. A., Tolbert, M. A., & Browne, E. C. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad74da · Cited by 15
Smaller, better, more: Five decades of advances in geochemistry
Johnson, C. M., McLennan, S. M., McSWEEN, H. Y., Jr., & Summons, R. E. (2013) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/2013.2500(08 · Cited by 15
Robinson, T. D. (2005) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816540068-ch015 · Cited by 21
3D Simulations of the Archean Earth Including Photochemical Haze Profiles
Mak, M. T., Mayne, N. J., Sergeev, D. E., Manners, J. C., Eager-Nash, J. K., Arney, G., Hébrard, É., & Kohary, K. I. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2023jd039343 · Cited by 13
Li, J., Zhang, Z., Stern, R. A., Hannah, J. L., Stein, H. J., Yang, G., & Li, L. (2017) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.037 · Cited by 13
Gallagher, M., Whitehouse, M. J., & Kamber, B. S. (2017) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12234 · Cited by 12
The Faint Young Sun Problem Revisited
Spencer, J. E. (2019) · GSA Today · doi:10.1130/gsatg403a.1 · Cited by 11
Significance of 56Fe depletions in late-Archean shales and pyrite
Ostrander, C. M., Severmann, S., Gordon, G. W., Kendall, B., Lyons, T. W., Zheng, W., Roy, M., & Anbar, A. D. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.10.013 · Cited by 12
The Effect of Oxygen on Organic Haze Properties
Ugelow, M. S., Haan, D. O. D., Hörst, S. M., & Tolbert, M. A. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aac2c7 · Cited by 15
Eager-Nash, J. K., Mayne, N. J., Nicholson, A., Prins, J. E., Young, O. C. F., Daines, S. J., Sergeev, D. E., Lambert, F. H., Manners, J. C., Boutle, I., et al. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2022jd037544 · Cited by 11
From minerals to metabolisms: Evidence for life before oxygen from the geological record
Johnson, J. E. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.047 · Cited by 14
Müller, U. F., & Tor, Y. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201400847 · Cited by 11
Kanzaki, Y., & Murakami, T. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.08.020 · Cited by 10
The Archean–Hadean Earth: Modern paradigms and ancient processes
Mueller, P. A., & Nutman, A. P. (2017) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/2017.2523(03 · Cited by 10
Sulfur mass-independent fractionation during SO2 photolysis in low-temperature/pressure atmospheres
Endo, Y., Sekine, Y., & Ueno, Y. (2022) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121064 · Cited by 8
The Isotopic Imprint of Life on an Evolving Planet
Lloyd, M. K., McClelland, H. L. O., Antler, G., Bradley, A. S., Halevy, I., Junium, C. K., Wankel, S. D., & Zerkle, A. L. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00730-6 · Cited by 8
Bosco‐Santos, A., Gilhooly, W., de Melo-Silva, P., Fouskas, F., Bouyon, A., Motta, J. G., Baldim, M. R., Fabricio-Silva, W., Philippot, P., & OLIVEIRA, E. P. D. (2021) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101250 · Cited by 9
Earth: Atmospheric Evolution of a Habitable Planet
Olson, S. L., Schwieterman, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Lyons, T. W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_189 · Cited by 24
Deposition of sulfate aerosols with positive Δ33S in the Neoarchean
Paris, G., Fischer, W. W., Johnson, J. E., Webb, S. M., Present, T. M., Sessions, A. L., & Adkins, J. F. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.06.028 · Cited by 9
Harman, C. E., & Domagal-Goldman, S. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_71 · Cited by 8
Self-citationStrauß, H., Melezhik, V. A., Reuschel, M., Fallick, A. E., Lepland, A., & Рычанчик, Д. В. (2012) · Frontiers in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29670-3_5 · Cited by 7
Liu, L., Ireland, T. R., Holden, P. N., Ávila, J. N., Vasconcelos, P. M., & Mavrogenes, J. (2021) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/s00410-021-01788-3 · Cited by 6
Habitable zones with an earth climate history model
Levenson, B. P. (2021) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2021.105318 · Cited by 7
Mak, M. T., Sergeev, D. E., Mayne, N. J., Zamyatina, M., Steinrueck, M. E., Manners, J. C., Hébrard, É., Sing, D. K., & Kohary, K. I. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1250 · Cited by 11
Runge, E., Vulpius, S., Herwartz, D., Pack, A., Brachmann, C., & Noack, L. (2025) · Geo-Bio Interfaces · doi:10.1180/gbi.2025.10003 · Cited by 6
UV astronomy and the investigation of the origin of life
de Castro, A. I. G., & Canet, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819170-5.00002-6 · Cited by 7
Reed, N. W., Jansen, K. T., Schiffman, Z. R., Tolbert, M. A., & Browne, E. C. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf1a2 · Cited by 5
The Early Earth as an Analogue for Exoplanetary Biogeochemistry
Stüeken, E. E., Olson, S. L., Moore, E. K., & Foley, B. J. (2024) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2024.90.14 · Cited by 5
The Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Condie, K. C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803689-1.00008-0 · Cited by 5
Chen, M., Huang, Z., Campbell, I. H., Sambridge, M., & Ávila, J. N. (2021) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120640 · Cited by 5
Harman, C. E., & Domagal-Goldman, S. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_71-1 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEarth: Atmospheric Evolution of a Habitable Planet
Olson, S. L., Schwieterman, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Lyons, T. W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_189-1 · Cited by 5
Organosulfur Aerosols Likely Carried Sulfur MIF Signatures in the Early Earth’s Atmosphere
Oduro, H., Ono, S., Alrasheed, F., & Eldridge, D. L. (2023) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2022gc010777 · Cited by 5
Archaean Soils, Lakes and Springs: Looking for Signs of Life
Brasier, M. (2013) · Modern approaches in solid earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7615-9_13 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Molecular Oxygen on Anion Composition in a Hazy Archean Earth Atmosphere
Ugelow, M. S., Berry, J. L., Browne, E. C., & Tolbert, M. A. (2020) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2145 · Cited by 6
The Pigment World: Life’s Origins as Photon-Dissipating Pigments
Michaelian, K. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14070912 · Cited by 7
Chen, M., Campbell, I. H., Ávila, J. N., Tian, W., Hayman, P. C., Cas, R. A. F., & Ireland, T. R. (2022) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.01.002 · Cited by 3
Liu, L., Ireland, T. R., & Holden, P. N. (2020) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119837 · Cited by 3
7.1 The End of Mass-Independent Fractionation of Sulphur Isotopes
Reuschel, M., Strauß, H., & Lepland, A. (2012) · Frontiers in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29670-3_1 · Cited by 3
The young Sun and its influence on planetary atmospheres
Güdel, M., & Kasting, J. F. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511933875.013 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCuntz, M., Pomeroy, D., & Musielak, Z. E. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/706/1/l178 · Cited by 3
An Archean atmosphere rich in sulfur biomolecules
Reed, N. W., Christensen, C. M., Surratt, J. D., McGlynn, S. E., Wing, B. A., Neubauer, C., Tolbert, M. A., & Browne, E. C. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2516779122 · Cited by 3
Dembitsky, V. M. (2026) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes16080272 · Cited by 2
Grosch, E. G., McLoughlin, N., & Whitehouse, M. J. (2022) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12542 · Cited by 3
Mass-independent fractionation processes in the atmosphere
Hemingway, J., & Claire, M. W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00084-x · Cited by 2
Origin of Paleoarchean Sulfate Deposits
Philippot, P., Muller, É., & Rollion‐Bard, C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63901-1.00010-1 · Cited by 2
The atmosphere and hydrosphere
Condie, K. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819914-5.00006-8 · Cited by 2
Evolution of a Habitable Planet
Kasting, J. F., & Kirschvink, J. L. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511902574.010 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSwain, A., Kaufman, A. J., Kalinowski, M., Yarwood, S. A., & Fagan, W. F. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118900 · Cited by 1
Franchi, F., Glynn, S. M., Hoogland, V., & Davies, G. R. (2024) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.25131/sajg.127.0036 · Cited by 1
Christensen, C. M., Reed, N. W., Wing, B. A., McGlynn, S. E., Tolbert, M. A., Browne, E. C., & Surratt, J. D. (2026) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00366 · Cited by 1
Zhao, Y., Li, X., Zhu, G., Luan, G., Zheng, K., Chen, H., Zhang, J., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2026.107111 · Cited by 1
Zitronensäure und die RNA‐Welt
Müller, U. F., & Tor, Y. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201400847 · Cited by 1
Archean Paleo-climate: The first snowball?Preprint
Durand-Manterola, H. J. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1006.4336 · Cited by 1
Domagal-Goldman, S. D. (2014) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/2014.2504(02
Self-citationBjörn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-rc1
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-rc2
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-rc3
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac2
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819914-5.00008-1
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-rc5
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-cc4
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-cc1
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-rc4
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac6
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac5
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac8
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac3
Björn, L. O. (2021) · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac4
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac9
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-ac7
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803689-1.09998-3
Björn, L. O. (2021) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-2021-135-cc2
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385227-4.00014-6
Hao, J., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Mondal, J. A., Yu-ke, Z. H. U., Xing, L. I., Hao-tian, G. U. O., Cui, X., Guo, J., Ya-fang, S. O. N. G., et al. (2024) · Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry · doi:10.3724/j.issn.1007-2802.20240141 · Cited by 1
Braam, M., Gopaoco, E., Tsai, S., Friss, G., Palmer, P. I., Rimmer, P. B., & White (2026) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2026.117032 · Cited by 1
Witwatersrand gold deposition in response to Mesoarchaean continental emergence and weathering
Agangi, A., Hofmann, A., da Costa, G., Rossouw, R., & Thomassot, É. (2026) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2026.108090
Marin‐Carbonne, J. (2009) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4efdd713z774az4957z82f9z13680ca65b10
Metadata
- Authors
- Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Kasting, J. F., Johnston, D. T., & Farquhar, J.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.
- Venue
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 269
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 29-40
- ISSN
- 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073922633
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- organic haze, Archean atmosphere, sulfur isotopes, atmospheric oxygen, glaciation, photochemical modeling, atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review