The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Side effects of antidepressants during long-term use in a naturalistic setting
Open accessAbstract
Side effects of antidepressants are usually underreported in clinical trials and large scale naturalistic studies are restricted to six months of use. We examined the prevalence and nature of patient-perceived side effects and their determinants during long-term antidepressant use in a naturalistic setting. Subjects, aged 19 to 67 years, in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were recruited from primary care and specialized mental health care covered 927 cases of single antidepressant use. In 64% of cases, on average, 2.9 side effects were reported. The number of side effects was higher when subjects had higher depression severity (OR=1.28; p=0.002), three or more psychiatric diagnoses (OR=1.97; p=0.02), higher dose (OR=1.44; p=0.006) and was lower when subjects were older (OR=0.83; p=0.02) and had longer duration of use (OR=0.94; p=0.04). Tricyclic antidepressants were associated with more side effects (OR=2.52; p=0.003) and, particularly, more anticholinergic effects, like dry mouth and constipation, as compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Venlafaxine showed more profuse sweating (OR=1.79; p=0.007), whereas mirtazapine showed more weight gain and less sexual dysfunction (OR=0.36; p=0.03), as compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Weight gain was associated with female gender (OR=1.76; p=0.004) and duration of use (OR=1.06; p=0.03). We show that antidepressant side effect, known from short-term studies, persist during long-term use and are associated with depression severity and antidepressant dose. A novel finding was that venlafaxine is associated with more profuse sweating and that weight gain appeared more specific in female users. Clinicians should be aware that, during long-term antidepressant use, side effects are common and persistent.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“An understanding of users’ own experiences of antidepressant use is increasingly important in the context of growing doubts about the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment [5, 26], concerns about side effects [27] and withdrawal effects [28].”
From ‘In my life antidepressants have been…’: a qualitative analysis of users’ diverse experiences with antidepressants (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327
Screening for serious mental illness in the general population
Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S.-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., et al. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184 · Cited by 5,692
Wittchen, H.-U. (1994) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1 · Cited by 2,348
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties
Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035558 · Cited by 2,177
Lingjærde, O., Ahlfors, U. G., Bech, P., Dencker, S. J., & Elgen, K. (1987) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10566.x · Cited by 1,705
Anderson, I. M. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00092-0 · Cited by 940
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): rationale, objectives and methods
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, J. H., Zitman, F. G., Nolen, W. A., Spinhoven, P., Cuijpers, P. J., de Jong, P. J., van Marwijk, H., Assendelft, W. J., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.256 · Cited by 930
Self-citationAntidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study
Coupland, C., Dhiman, P., Morriss, R., Arthur, A., Barton, G., & Hippisley-Cox, J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4551 · Cited by 833
Treatment non‐adherence in affective disorders
Lingam, R., & Scott, J. (2002) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.1r084.x · Cited by 635
Antidepressants and Body Weight: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis
Serretti, A., & Mandelli, L. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09r05346blu · Cited by 621 · cited 1×
“A recent meta-analysis showed large differences in weight gain between individuals as the result of treatment with various antidepressants (Serretti and Mandelli, 2010).”
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Psychiatric Association, 2001. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, Washington.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–240 of 240
Part II: Statistics in practice: Statistics overview
Rodriguez, R. W., & Touchette, D. R. (2020) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.1214
The Use of Antidepressant Drugs in Climacteric Syndrome
Mendes, M. C., & de Sá, M. F. S. (2020) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1701457
Evaluating the effect of Coriandrum sativum syrup on being migraine-free using mixture models.
Mansouri, S., Kazemi, I., Baghestani, A. R., Zayeri, F., & Ghorbanifar, Z. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.34171/mjiri.34.44
Stępień, A., Kozubski, W. P., Rózniecki, J., & Domitrz, I. (2020) · Ból · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.4591
Laux, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_67-1
Hinweise zur Arbeit am Symptom
Zarbock, G., Wilckens, P.-S., & Semmler, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-62068-7_5
Kapfhammer, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65873-4_4
Breder, C. V., CRUZ, I. S., & de Freitas, O. G. A. (2023) · Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica · doi:10.35265/2236-6717-235-12651
Henrich, L., Wilhelm, M., Lange, P., & Rief, W. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3040396/v1
Agbo, C., Chima, U., Nwachuya, C., Enang, N. V., Okoye, C., Mbaji, S. M., Uzokwe, N. M., Ngige, A. P., Iwuchukwu, O., & Okoloekwe, A. (2023) · American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.25259/ajpps_2023_014
Emerging Adulthood and Depression: An Overview of Chronic Illness and Treatment
Riddle, D. B., Appenzeller, Z. S., & Storch, E. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54281-7_17
Introduction to Deprescribing Psychiatric Medications
(2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394291052.mdg001
Safe Deprescribing of Antidepressants
(2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394291052.mdg002
Field of Study and Mental Health in Adulthood
Stenberg, A., & Tudor, S. (2024) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.0124-13353r2
Predicting Antidepressant Use in Patients with Bipolar DisorderPreprint
Uludağ, K. (2024) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/z4lp8d
Leunissen, I., Schuhmann, T., de Graaf, T. A., & Sack, A. T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61992-2_22
Türkmen, C., Boesjes, R., Zandbergen, A.-F., Kamphuis, J., Viechtbauer, W., Schoevers, R. A., & van Dalfsen, J. H. (2025) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.25.1271
The role of nutraceuticals of natural origin in the treatment of depressive disorders
Sęk, M., Galasińska, I., Hajduk-Maślak, K., Michalik, B., Skóra, A., & Zając, D. (2025) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2025.82.60309
Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock Transiently Affects Cognition and Neurometabolism in Mice
Sarawagi, A., Sinha, S., & Patel, A. B. (2025) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000001166
García‐Marín, L. M., Mulcahy, A., Byrne, E. M., Medland, S. E., Wray, N. R., Chafota, F., Lind, P. A., Martin, N. G., Hickie, I. B., Rentería, M. E., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644846
Meißner, C., Warren, C. V., Fadai, T., Müller, A., Zapf, A., Lezius, S., Ozga, A.-K., Falkenberg, I., Kircher, T., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598848
García‐Marín, L. M., Mulcahy, A., Byrne, E. M., Medland, S. E., Wray, N. R., Chafota, F., Lind, P. A., Martin, N. G., Hickie, I. B., Rentería, M. E., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644843
Meißner, C., Warren, C. V., Fadai, T., Müller, A., Zapf, A., Lezius, S., Ozga, A.-K., Falkenberg, I., Kircher, T., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598851
Pharmacopsychology of Prescribing: An Introduction to the PoP Model
Tan, V. T. Y., & van Oeveren, M. (2026) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/mij/3939110
Jensen, K. H. R., Andersen, K., Ip, C.-T., Frøkjær, V. G., Berg, R. W., Olbrich, S., Knudsen, G. M., & Jorgensen, M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7530123/v1
Community Pharmacists' Role in Antidepressant Discontinuation: A Survey of Barriers and Facilitators
Verheye, K., Vangrieken, I., Pril, K. D., Mehuys, E., Boussery, K., Christiaens, T., & Leeuwen, E. V. (2026) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.70226
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_16
Self-reported antidepressant side effects in psychiatric patients with depressive disorders
von Knorring, J., Baryshnikov, I., Jylhä, P., Talaslahti, T., & Isometsä, E. (2026) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2026.2686197
Ala-Ruona, E., Raittila, T.-L., Taipale, M., Natarajan, N., Hartmann, M., Mavrolampados, A., Ansani, A., Löyttyniemi, E., & Erkkilä, J. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09864-4
Management of Adverse Drug Effects for Adjunctive Analgesics
Lewis, S. J., Sjoquist, L. K., & Churchwell, M. D. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-21675-5_19
Kleinerman, A., Benrimoh, D. A., Yaniv‐Rosenfeld, A., Golden, G. M., Tanguay-Sela, M., Margolese, H. C., Lazebnik, T., Amit, B. H., Samuel, H., & Rosenfeld, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1851899
Averill, L. A., & Neitzke‐Spruill, L. (2026) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20260006
Apel, K., Scheel-Barteit, J., Berking, M., Kühlein, T., & Sebastião, M. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-62116-y
Zhu, X., Gan, K., Chen, X., Feng, L., Feng, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, G. (2026) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/da/9897990
Atkins, B., Smith, C., Bhattacharya, D., & Scott, S. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16071251
Mei, Z., Cai, C., Li, H., Wang, T., Lam, C., Yang, Y., & Luo, S. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117344
Perspective Chapter: Gut–Brain Axis and Psychobiotics – New Horizons in the Treatment of Depression
Işık, M. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1015811
Li, Y., Li, M., Sun, F., Xie, Y., Li, X., Yin, A., 刘增训, & Li, X. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051032
Metadata
- Authors
- Bet, P. M., Hugtenburg, J. G., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Hoogendijk, W. J. G.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bet, Pierre M.
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1443-1451
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080820439
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13
- FWCI
- 11.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- antidepressant side effects, long-term antidepressant use, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, anticholinergic effects, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, depression severity, antidepressant dose, sex differences, NESDA
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
