The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome of Randomised Studies Comparing Intravesical Mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with an intermediate or high risk need adjuvant intravesical therapy after surgery. Based largely on meta-analyses of previously published results, guidelines recommend using either bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or mitomycin C (MMC) in these patients. Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses, however, are the gold standard. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of BCG and MMC based on an IPD meta-analysis of randomised trials. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Trials were searched through Medline and review articles. The relevant trial investigators were contacted to provide IPD. MEASUREMENTS The drugs were compared with respect to time to recurrence, progression, and overall and cancer-specific death. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Nine trials that included 2820 patients were identified, and IPD were obtained from all of them. Patient characteristics were 71% primary, 54% Ta, 43% T1, 25% G1, 58% G2, and 16% G3, and 7% had prior intravesical chemotherapy. Based on a median follow-up of 4.4 yr, 43% recurred. Overall, there was no difference in the time to first recurrence (p=0.09) between BCG and MMC. In the trials with BCG maintenance, a 32% reduction in risk of recurrence on BCG compared to MMC was found (p<0.0001), while there was a 28% risk increase (p=0.006) for BCG in the trials without maintenance. BCG with maintenance was more effective than MMC in both patients previously treated and those not previously treated with chemotherapy. In the subset of 1880 patients for whom data on progression, survival, and cause of death were available, 12% progressed and 24% died, and, of those, 30% of the deaths were due to bladder cancer. No statistically significant differences were found for these long-term end points. CONCLUSIONS For prophylaxis of recurrence, maintenance BCG is required to demonstrate superiority to MMC. Prior intravesical chemotherapy was not a confounder. There were no statistically significant differences regarding progression, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival between the two treatments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
CHALMERS, I. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26345.x · Cited by 561
Cited by
Babjuk, M., Burger, M., Capoun, O., Cohen, D., Compérat, E. M., Dominguez Escrig, J. L., Gontero, P., Liedberg, F., Masson-Lecomte, A., Mostafid, A. H., et al. (2022) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.010 · Cited by 1,615
Self-citationBabjuk, M., Burger, M., Compérat, E. M., Gontero, P., Mostafid, A. H., Palou, J., van Rhijn, B. W. G., Rouprêt, M., Shariat, S. F., Sylvester, R., et al. (2019) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.08.016 · Cited by 1,297
Self-citationEAU Guidelines on Non–Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2013
Babjuk, M., Burger, M., Zigeuner, R., Shariat, S. F., van Rhijn, B. W. G., Compérat, E., Sylvester, R. J., Kaasinen, E., Böhle, A., Palou Redorta, J., et al. (2013) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.003 · Cited by 1,174
Self-citationBladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Powles, T., Bellmunt, J., Comperat, E., De Santis, M., Huddart, R., Loriot, Y., Necchi, A., Valderrama, B. P., Ravaud, A., Shariat, S. F., et al. (2022) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.11.012 · Cited by 555
Dyrskjøt, L., Hansel, D. E., Efstathiou, J. A., Knowles, M. A., Galsky, M. D., Teoh, J., & Theodorescu, D. (2023) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-023-00468-9 · Cited by 544
Metadata
- Authors
- Malmström, P.-U., Sylvester, R. J., Crawford, D. E., Friedrich, M., Krege, S., Rintala, E., Solsona, E., Di Stasi, S. M., & Witjes, J. A.
- Venue
- European Urology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 247-256
- ISSN
- 0302-2838 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134589781
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome of Randomised Studies Comparing Intravesical Mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.04.038
- The paper
- Malmström, P.-U., Sylvester, R. J., Crawford, D. E., Friedrich, M., Krege, S., Rintala, E., Solsona, E., Di Stasi, S. M., & Witjes, J. A. (2009). An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome of Randomised Studies Comparing Intravesical Mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. European Urology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.04.038
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
