International Variation in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates
Abstract
Context Wide variation exists internationally for prostate cancer (PCa) rates due to differences in detection practices, treatment, and lifestyle and genetic factors. Objective We present contemporary variations in PCa incidence and mortality patterns across five continents using the most recent data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Evidence acquisition PCa incidence and mortality estimates for 2008 from GLOBOCAN are presented. We also examine recent trends in PCa incidence rates for 40 countries and mortality rates for 53 countries from 1985 and onward via join-point analyses using an augmented version of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and the World Health Organization mortality database. Evidence synthesis Estimated PCa incidence rates remain most elevated in the highest resource counties worldwide including North America, Oceania, and western and northern Europe. Mortality rates tend to be higher in less developed regions of the world including parts of South America, the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing PCa incidence rates during the most recent decade were observed in 32 of the 40 countries examined, whereas trends tended to stabilize in 8 countries. In contrast, PCa mortality rates decreased in 27 of the 53 countries under study, whereas rates increased in 16 and remained stable in 10 countries. Conclusions PCa incidence rates increased in nearly all countries considered in this analysis except in a few high-income countries. In contrast, the increase in PCa mortality rates mainly occurred in lower resource settings, with declines largely confined to high-resource countries.
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The rapid increases in prostate cancer incidence were followed by equally pointed reductions within a few years, likely reflecting a depletion of prevalent cancers.
“The increases were followed by equally pointed reductions within a few years, likely reflecting a depletion of prevalent cancers”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
In North America, selected Nordic countries, and Australia, there were rapid increases in prostate cancer incidence rates from the late 1980s to the early 1990s as a result of the widespread introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
“In North America, selected Nordic countries, and Australia, there were rapid increases in incidence rates from the late 1980s to the early 1990s as a result of the widespread introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.88”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
During the same period, prostate cancer mortality rates increased in many countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa and continued until recently in some countries.
“During the same period, rates increased in many countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa 88 and continued until recently in some countries 86”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
In greater Europe, Southern and Central America, and Asia, later, less emphatic prostate cancer incidence trends have been reported, reflecting a more recent and moderate adoption of PSA testing.
“In greater Europe, Southern and Central America, and Asia, later, less emphatic trends have been reported, reflecting a more recent and moderate adoption of PSA testing.[86][87][88]98”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
Mortality rates have decreased in most high-income countries since the mid-1990s, including those in Northern America, Oceania, and Northern and Western Europe.
“Mortality rates have decreased in most high-income countries since the mid-1990s, including those in Northern America, Oceania, and Northern and Western Europe, 88,98,100”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Center, M. M., Jemal, A., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Ward, E., Ferlay, J., Brawley, O., & Bray, F.
- Affiliations
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jemal, Ahmedin
- Venue
- European Urology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1079-1092
- ISSN
- 0302-2838 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119391023
- Cited by
- 1,521
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 135 · 2018: 140 · 2017: 146 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 177 · 2014: 145 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 72.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- prostate cancer, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, international variation, incidence trends, mortality trends, GLOBOCAN, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Asia, Developing Countries, Epidemiology, Europe, Humans, Male, North America, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Registries, South America, Time Factors, Incidence, Oceania
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