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Cited by 848

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 212 of the 212 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review

Open access
Bergengren, Oskar, Pekala, Kelly R., Matsoukas, Konstantina, Fainberg, Jonathan, Mungovan, Sean F., Bratt, Ola, Bray, Freddie, Brawley, Otis, Luckenbaugh, Amy N., Mucci, Lorelei, Morgan, Todd M., Carlsson, Sigrid V.·2023·European Urology
DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS: PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.

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Metadata

Authors
Bergengren, O., Pekala, K. R., Matsoukas, K., Fainberg, J., Mungovan, S. F., Bratt, O., Bray, F., Brawley, O., Luckenbaugh, A. N., Mucci, L., Morgan, T. M., & Carlsson, S. V.
Venue
European Urology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-08
Volume
84
Issue
2
Pages
191-206
ISSN
0302-2838 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021
OpenAlex
W4376636022
Cited by
848
References
212
FWCI
64.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021
The paper
Bergengren, O., Pekala, K. R., Matsoukas, K., Fainberg, J., Mungovan, S. F., Bratt, O., Bray, F., Brawley, O., Luckenbaugh, A. N., Mucci, L., Morgan, T. M., & Carlsson, S. V. (2023). 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors—A Systematic Review. European Urology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.