The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Progesterone and allopregnanolone attenuate blood–brain barrier dysfunction following permanent focal ischemia by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases
Open accessAbstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after stroke is linked to the up-regulation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammation. This study examines the effects of progesterone (PROG) and its neuroactive metabolite allopregnanolone (ALLO) on BBB integrity following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Rats underwent pMCAO by electro-coagulation and received intraperitoneal injections of PROG (8 mg/kg), ALLO (8 mg/kg) or vehicle at 1 h post-occlusion and then subcutaneous injections (8 mg/kg) at 6, 24, and 48 h. MMP activation and expression were analyzed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography 72 h post-pMCAO. Occludin1, claudin5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed at 72 h post-pMCAO with Western blots. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue extravasation and infarct size was evaluated by cresyl violet at 72 h after pMCAO. Ischemic injury significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, TNF-α and IL-6, and reduced the levels of occludin1 and claudin5. These changes were followed by increased infarct size (% contralateral hemisphere) and Evans blue extravasation into the brain indicating compromise of the BBB. PROG and ALLO attenuated BBB disruption and infarct size following pMCAO by reducing MMPs and the inflammatory response and by preventing the degradation of occludin1 and claudin5. We conclude that PROG and ALLO can help to protect BBB disruption following pMCAO.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Progesterone and allopregnanolone can reduce neuroinflammation and improve barrier function by downregulating expression of metalloproteinases as shown in a mouse model of ischemic stroke (282).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [282]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view
Dirnagl, U., Iadecola, C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01401-0 · Cited by 3,943
The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders
Zlokovic, B. V. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.003 · Cited by 3,280
The blood–brain barrier: an overview
Ballabh, P., Braun, A., & Nedergaard, M. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.016 · Cited by 2,276
Kebir, H., Kreymborg, K., Ifergan, I., Dodelet-Devillers, A., Cayrol, R., Bernard, M., Giuliani, F., Arbour, N., Becher, B., & Prat, A. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1651 · Cited by 1,759
Yang, Y., Estrada, E. Y., Thompson, J. F., Liu, W., & Rosenberg, G. A. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600375 · Cited by 1,060
Asahi, M., Wang, X., Mori, T., Sumii, T., Jung, J.-C., Moskowitz, M. A., Fini, M. E., & Lo, E. H. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07724.2001 · Cited by 1,004
Rosenberg, G. A., Estrada, E. Y., & Dencoff, J. E. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.10.2189 · Cited by 861
The influence of cytokines on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vitro
de Vries, H. E., Blom-Roosemalen, M. C. M., van Oosten, M., de Boer, A. G., van Berkel, T. J. C., Breimer, D. D., & Kuiper, J. (1996) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(95)00148-4 · Cited by 666
VEGF-mediated disruption of endothelial CLN-5 promotes blood-brain barrier breakdown
Argaw, A. T., Gurfein, B. T., Zhang, Y., Zameer, A., & John, G. R. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808698106 · Cited by 666
Wang, Y. F., Tsirka, S. E., Strickland, S., Stieg, P. E., Soriano, S. G., & Lipton, S. A. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0298-228 · Cited by 628
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,312
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke
Jiang, X., Andjelkovic, A. V., Zhu, L., Yang, T., Bennett, M. V. L., Chen, J., Keep, R. F., & Shi, Y. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.001 · Cited by 967
Claudin-5: gatekeeper of neurological function
Greene, C., Hanley, N., & Campbell, M. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0123-z · Cited by 583
Lochhead, J. J., Yang, J., Ronaldson, P. T., & Davis, T. P. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00914 · Cited by 445
Schumacher, M., Mattern, C., Ghoumari, A. M., Oudinet, J., Lière, P., Labombarda, F., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., Nicola, A. F. D., & Guennoun, R. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.004 · Cited by 368
Metadata
- Authors
- Ishrat, T., Sayeed, I., Atif, F., Hua, F., & Stein, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stein, Donald G.
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 226
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183-190
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2963070
- OpenAlex
- W1977180011
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS048451)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD061971, 5R01HD61971-02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- progesterone, allopregnanolone, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, focal cerebral ischemia, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9, MMP-2, claudin-5, neuroinflammation, TNF-α, interleukin-6, blood-brain barrier permeability, infarct size, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain Edema, Brain Ischemia, Immunohistochemistry, Ligation, Male, Membrane Proteins, Permeability, Pregnanolone, Progesterone, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Blotting, Western, Interleukin-6, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, Stroke, Middle Cerebral Artery, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Rats, Claudin-5, Occludin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
