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Cited by 106Agricultural Science and FertilizationSoil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsSoil Management and Crop Yield

Improving crop yield and N uptake with long-term straw retention in two contrasting soil types.

Malhi, S.S., Nyborg, M., Solberg, E.D., Dyck, M.F., Puurveen, D.·2011·Field Crops Research
DOI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.07.009
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Abstract

Retention and/or reincorporation of plant residues increases soil organic nitrogen (N) levels over the long-term is associated with increased crop yields. There is still uncertainty, however, about the interaction between crop residue (straw) retention and N fertilizer rates and sources. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of straw management (straw removed [SRₑₘ] and straw retained [SRₑₜ]), N fertilizer rate (0, 25, 50 and 75kgNha⁻¹) and N source (urea and polymer-coated urea [called ESN]) under conventional tillage on seed yield, straw yield, total N uptake in seed+straw and N balance sheet. Field experiments with barley monoculture (1983–1996), and wheat/barley-canola-triticale-pea rotation (1997–2009) were conducted on two contrasting soil types (Gray Luvisol [Typic Haplocryalf] loam soil at Breton; Black Chernozem [Albic Argicryoll] silty clay loam at Ellerslie) in north-central Alberta, Canada. On the average, SRₑₜ produced greater seed yield (by 205–220kgha⁻¹), straw yield (by 154–160kgha⁻¹) and total N uptake in seed+straw (by 5.2kgNha⁻¹) than SRₑₘ in almost all cases in both periods at Ellerslie, and only in the 1997–2009 period at Breton (by 102kgseedha⁻¹, 196kg straw ha⁻¹ and by 3.7kgNha⁻¹) for both N sources. There was generally a considerable increase in seed yield, straw yield and total N uptake in seed+straw from applied N up to 75kgNha⁻¹ rate for both N sources at both sites and more so at Breton, but the response to applied N decreased with increasing N rate. The ESN was superior to urea in increasing seed yield (by 109kgha⁻¹), straw yield (by 80kgha⁻¹) and total N uptake in seed+straw (by 2.4kgNha⁻¹) in the 1983–1996 period at Breton (mainly at the 25 and 50kgNha⁻¹ rates). But, urea produced greater straw yield (by 95kgha⁻¹) and total N uptake in seed+straw (by 3.3kgNha⁻¹) than ESN in the 1983–1996 period at Ellerslie. The N balance sheets over the 1983–2009 study duration indicated large amounts of applied N unaccounted for (ranged from 740 to 1518kgNha⁻¹ at Breton and from 696 to 1334kgNha⁻¹ at Ellerslie), suggesting a great potential for N loss from the soil–plant system through denitrification and/or nitrate leaching, and from the soil mineral N pool by N immobilization. In conclusion, the findings suggest that long-term retention of crop residue may gradually improve soil productivity. The effectiveness of N source varied with soil type.

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Authors
Malhi, S. S., Nyborg, M., Solberg, E. D., Dyck, M. F., & Puurveen, D.
Affiliations
  • Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Government of Alberta (CA)
Corresponding author
Malhi, S.S.
ORCID
Venue
Field Crops Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-12
Volume
124
Issue
3
Pages
378-391
ISSN
0378-4290 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fcr.2011.07.009
OpenAlex
W1987734887
Cited by
106
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI
4.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
Field Crops Research (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
Keywords
straw retention, crop residue management, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen application rate, polymer-coated urea, nitrogen source, seed yield, straw yield, nitrogen balance, soil organic nitrogen, barley, wheat, canola, triticale, pea, crop rotation, Gray Luvisol, Black Chernozem, conventional tillage, north-central Alberta, long-term field experiment

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