Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 379

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: A comprehensive review

Alavizadeh, Seyedeh Hoda, Hosseinzadeh, Hossein·2014·Food and Chemical Toxicology
DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.016
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.016

Cites

105 of 105 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 105 references

Research works printed but not linked: 58

  1. Alonso, 1990, Auto-oxidation in saffron at 40°C and 75% relative humidity, J. Food Sci., 55, 595, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06830.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06830.x
  2. Alonso, 2001, Composition of crocins and picrocrocin from Spanish saffron (Crocus sativus L.), J. Food Qual., 24, 219, 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2001.tb00604.x · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4557.2001.tb00604.x
  3. Bakshi, 2010, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest: a hallmark of apoptosis induced by crocin from Kashmiri saffron in a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 11, 675
  4. Behravan, 2010, Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of crocin and safranal using potato disc and brine shrimp assays, Physiol. Pharmacol., 13, 397
  5. Castellar, 1993, Preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic purification of saffron secondary metabolites, J. Chromatogr. A, 648, 187, 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83301-8 · doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)83301-8
  6. Chen, 2010, Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of crocetin and crocin in vivo, Chinese Pharmacol. Bull., 26, 248
  7. Choi, 2001, Isolation and characterization of the major colorant in Gardenia fruit, Dyes Pigm., 49, 15, 10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00007-9 · doi:10.1016/s0143-7208(01)00007-9
  8. Dhingra, 1975, Minor carotenoid glycosides from saffron (Crocus sativus), Ind. J. Chem., 13, 339
  9. Du, 2005, Effectiveness of crocin against myocardial injury, Chinese New Drugs J., 14, 1424
  10. Dufresne, 1997, In vitro formation of crocetin glucosyl esters by Crocus sativus callus extract, Planta Med., 63, 150, 10.1055/s-2006-957633 · doi:10.1055/s-2006-957633
  11. Dufresne, 1999, Glycosylation of encapsulated crocetin by a Crocus sativus L. cell culture, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 24, 453, 10.1016/S0141-0229(98)00143-4 · doi:10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00143-4
  12. Garc-Olmo, 1999, Effects of long-term treatment of colon adenocarcinoma with crocin, a carotenoid from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): an experimental study in the rat, Nutr. Cancer, 35, 120, 10.1207/S15327914NC352_4 · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc352_4
  13. Goyal, 2010, Preventive effect of crocin of Crocus sativus on hemodynamic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastuctural alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, Phytomedicine, 17, 227, 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.009 · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.009
  14. Gresta, 2008, Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 28, 95, 10.1051/agro:2007030 · doi:10.1051/agro:2007030
  15. Hadizadeh, 2010, Extraction and purification of crocin from saffron stigmas employing a simple and efficient crystallization method, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 13, 691, 10.3923/pjbs.2010.691.698 · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2010.691.698
  16. Han, 1994, Antioxidant components of Gardenia fruit, Kor. J. Pharmacogn., 25, 226
  17. Hariri, 2011, The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on hematological and genotoxicity indices in rats, Phytomedicine, 18, 499, 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.001 · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.001
  18. He, 2005, Effect of crocin on experimental atherosclerosis in quails and its mechanisms, Life Sci., 77, 907, 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.02.006 · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.02.006
  19. Hosseinzadeh, 2007, Effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced DNA damage in mouse organs: an alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay, DNA Cell Biol., 26, 841, 10.1089/dna.2007.0631 · doi:10.1089/dna.2007.0631
  20. Hosseinzadeh, 2007, Anti-nociceptive effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), in mice, Pharmacologyonline, 2, 498
  21. Hosseinzadeh, 2006, Effects of Crocus sativus stigma extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, on intact memory and scopolamine-induced learning deficits in rats performing the Morris water maze task, J. Med. Plants, 5, 40
  22. Hosseinzadeh, 2005, Anti-tumor and cytotoxic evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts using brine shrimp and potato disc assays, J. Med. Plants., 4, 59
  23. Hosseinzadeh, 2008, Effect of safranal on extracellular hippocampal levels of glutamate and aspartate during kainic acid treatment in anesthetized rats, Planta Med., 74, 1441, 10.1055/s-2008-1081335 · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1081335
  24. Hosseinzadeh, 2010, Acute and sub-acute toxicity of crocin, a constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), in mice and rats, Pharmacologyonline, 2, 943
  25. Iborra, 1992, TLC preparative purification of picrocrocin, HTCC and crocin from saffron, J. Food Sci., 57, 714, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08079.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08079.x
  26. Imenshahidi, 2010, Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, safranal and crocin, in normotensive and hypertensive rats, Phytother. Res., 24, 990, 10.1002/ptr.3044 · doi:10.1002/ptr.3044
  27. Imenshahidi, 2011, Effects of crocin on the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice, Pharmacologyonline, 1, 1007
  28. Kamikura, 1985, Natural yellow colors extracted from Gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS) and colors found in commercial gardenia fruit extract color. Analysis of natural yellow colors by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Jpn., 26, 150, 10.3358/shokueishi.26.150 · doi:10.3358/shokueishi.26.150
  29. Khajuria, 2010, The potency of Crocus sativus (Saffron) and its constituent crocin as an immunomodulator in animals, Latin Am. J. Pharm., 29, 5
  30. Konoshima, 1998, Crocin and crocetin derivatives inhibit skin tumour promotion in mice, Phytother. Res., 12, 400, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199809)12:6<400::AID-PTR321>3.0.CO;2-4 · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199809)12:6<400::aid-ptr321>3.0.co;2-4
  31. Lee, 2006, Lactic acid bacteria increases hypolipidemic effect of crocin isolated from fructus of Gardenia jasminoides, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16, 1084
  32. Li, 1999, Simultaneous quantification of five major biologically active ingredients of saffron by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 849, 349, 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00600-7 · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00600-7
  33. Liu, 2005, Effects of crocin on cholestane-3beta-5alpha-6beta-triol-induced apoptosis and related gene expression of cultured endothelial cells, J. China Pharmaceut. Univ., 36, 254
  34. Lv, 2008, Influence of crocin on gene expression profile of human bladder cancer cell lines T24, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 33, 1612
  35. Mohajeri, 2010, Extraction of crocin from saffron (Crocus sativus) using molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction, J. Sep. Sci., 33, 2302, 10.1002/jssc.201000183 · doi:10.1002/jssc.201000183
  36. Ordoudi, 2009, Further examination of antiradical properties of crocus sativus stigmas extract rich in crocins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 3080, 10.1021/jf804041g · doi:10.1021/jf804041g
  37. Pathan, 2009, Anticonvulsant evaluation of safranal in pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus in mice, Int. J. Essent. Oil Ther., 3, 106
  38. Pfander, 1982, Biosynthesis of C20-carotenoids in Crocus sativus, Phytochemistry, 21, 1039, 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82412-7 · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82412-7
  39. Pfander, 1975, Carotenoid composition in safran, Helv. Chim. Acta, 58, 2233, 10.1002/hlca.19750580736 · doi:10.1002/hlca.19750580736
  40. Pfister, 1996, Isolation and structure elucidation of carotenoid-glycosyl esters in Gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and saffron (Crocus sativus Linne), J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2612, 10.1021/jf950713e · doi:10.1021/jf950713e
  41. Rastgoo, 2013, Antitumor activity of PEGylated nanoliposomes containing crocin in mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma, Planta Med., 79, 447, 10.1055/s-0032-1328363 · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328363
  42. Sadeghnia, 2008, Antiabsence effects of safranal in acute experimental seizure models: EEG and autoradiography, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 11, 1, 10.18433/J38G6J · doi:10.18433/j38g6j
  43. Sano, 1987, In vitro proliferation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 11, 159, 10.1007/BF00040422 · doi:10.1007/bf00040422
  44. Soeda, 2005, Prevention of ischemic neuron death by a saffron’s carotenoid pigment crocin and its mechanism of action, Focus Neurochem. Res., 139
  45. Speranza, 1984, 13-cis-crocin: a new crocinoid of saffron, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 114, 189
  46. Sumalatha, 2010, Review on natural aphrodisiac potentials to treat sexual dysfunction, Int. J. Pharm. Ther., 1, 10
  47. Sun, 2011, Crocin inhibits proliferation and nucleic acid synthesis and induces apoptosis in the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line tca8113, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 12, 2679
  48. Tarantilis, 1994, Separation of picrocrocin, cis-trans-crocins and safranal of saffron using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 664, 55, 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80628-4 · doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80628-4
  49. Wang, 1984, Reversible hepatic black pigmentation and enzyme alteration induced by prolonged feeding of high dose of crocin dyes in rats, Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. Repub. China B, 8, 246
  50. Wang, 2004, Gardenia herbal active constituents: applicable separation procedures, J. Chromatogr. B, 812, 193, 10.1016/S1570-0232(04)00680-4 · doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(04)00680-4
  51. Xu, 2006, Evidence of crocin against endothelial injury induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro, J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 8, 79, 10.1080/10286020500044732 · doi:10.1080/10286020500044732
  52. Xu, 2009, Preventive effect of crocin in inflamed animals and in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 8325, 10.1021/jf901752f · doi:10.1021/jf901752f
  53. Xu, 2010, Proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction effects of crocin on human leukemia HL-60 cells and their mechanisms, Zhonggou Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi, 18, 887
  54. Zareena, 2001, Chemical investigation of gamma-irradiated saffron (Crocus sativus L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 687, 10.1021/jf000922l · doi:10.1021/jf000922l
  55. Zhang, 2009, Comparison of the effects of crocetin and crocin on myocardial injury in rats, Chinese J. Nat. Med., 7, 223, 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2009.00223 · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1009.2009.00223
  56. Zhao, 2008, Proliferation apoptotic influence of crocin on human bladder cancer T24 cell line, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 33, 1869
  57. Zougagh, 2005, Use of non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for the quality control of commercial saffron samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 1085, 293, 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.041 · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.041
  58. Zougagh, 2006, Determination of total safranal by in situ acid hydrolysis in supercritical fluid media: application to the quality control of commercial saffron, Anal. Chim. Acta, 578, 117, 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.064 · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.064

Cited by

See all 379

Metadata

Authors
Alavizadeh, S. H., & Hosseinzadeh, H.
Venue
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-02
Volume
64
Pages
65-80
ISSN
0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.016
OpenAlex
W2049724868
Cited by
379
References
105
FWCI
10.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
  • www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
  • www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: A comprehensive review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.016
The paper
Alavizadeh, S. H., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: A comprehensive review. Food and Chemical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.016

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.