Genomic polymorphism in the population of Candida glabrata: gene copy-number variation and chromosomal translocations.

C. glabrata can undergo genomic re-arrangements as an adaptive survival mechanism.

“Previous studies found that C. glabrata can undergo genomic re-arrangements as an adaptive survival mechanism (Shin et al., 2007; Muller et al., 2009; Poláková et al., 2009).”

The most frequent genome rearrangements identified in C. glabrata were translocations of chromosomal arms and inter-chromosomal duplications, but formation of novel chromosomes was also reported.

“the most frequent genome rearrangements identified were translocations of chromosomal arms and inter-chromosomal duplications, but formation of novel chromosomes was also reported (Muller et al., 2009; Polakova et al., 2009).”

C. glabrata genome organization varies significantly among different isolates.

“Karyotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which separates whole chromosomes, revealed that C. glabrata genome organization varies significantly among different isolates (Muller et al., 2009; Polakova et al., 2009).”

High karyotypic variability among C. glabrata strains prevents using the reference strain CBS138 genomic sequence as a template for assembling sequences of other strains, including clinical isolates.

“Indeed, while the genome of a reference C. glabrata laboratory strain (CBS138) has been sequenced, we were not able to use that strain's genomic sequence as a template for assembling the sequences of other strains, e.g., various clinical isolates, due to the high karyotypic variability among strains (Muller et al., 2009; Polakova et al., 2009; Bader et al., 2012; Figure 1B).”

Candida glabrata has been frequently reported as exhibiting variable karyotypes between isolates.

“C. glabrata has been frequently reported as exhibiting variable karyotypes between isolates [57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64]”