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Fabrication of grape seed proanthocyanidin-loaded W/O/W emulsion gels stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and whey protein isolate with konjac glucomannan: Structure, stability, and in vitro digestion
Open accessAbstract
In this work, the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) concentrations on microstructure, gel properties, stability and digestibility of water-in-oil-in-water emulsion gels stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and whey protein isolate were investigated. Visual appearance indicated that a non-layered double emulsion gel was formed when KGM increased to 0.75%. Emulsion gels with 1.5% KGM showed the highest encapsulation, freeze-thaw and photochemical stability due to the formation of the smallest droplets, which were supported by microscopic observations. Moreover, the addition of KGM improved water holding capacity, rheological and texture properties of emulsion gels. Particularly, at 1.5% or 1.75% KGM, color and potential of hydrogen showed the most stable level after 14 days of storage. During in vitro digestion, KGM delayed the hydrolysis of protein and oil droplets, and then improved the bioavailability of grape seed proanthocyanidin. These results promoted the application of KGM in emulsion gels and the encapsulation of nutraceuticals.
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“The appropriate addition of konjac glucomannan in emulsion gels suppressed the hydrolysis of lipids and proteins by reducing the binding sites between proteins and pepsin, thereby preventing the premature and excessive breakdown of oil droplet during the gastric digestion stage.”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Zhuang et al. 2023
In the citing paper
“The protected GSP is then released in the intestinal phase—the primary absorption site—ultimately enhancing its stability and bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Zhuang et al. 2023
In the citing paper
“This potentially delays grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) release in the stomach, preventing its degradation in the acidic gastric environment and preserving structural integrity.”
From Designing Protein Gels for Nutrient Delivery: From Formulation to Digestion (2026) · cites this paper as Zhuang et al. 2023
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhuang, H., Li, X., Wu, S., Wang, B., & Yan, H.
- Affiliations
- Jilin University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yan, Haiyang
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-08
- Volume
- 418
- Pages
- 135975
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4328108939
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 7.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program (20210101016JC)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Keywords
- grape seed proanthocyanidins, konjac glucomannan, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, whey protein isolate, double emulsion, encapsulation efficiency, emulsion stability, freeze-thaw stability, in vitro digestion, bioavailability, nutraceutical delivery, water holding capacity, rheological properties
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Digestion, Emulsions, Gels, Glycerol, Mannans, Ricinoleic Acids, Water, Proanthocyanidins, Grape Seed Extract
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