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Carbon monoxide, reactive oxygen signaling, and oxidative stress
Open accessAbstract
The ubiquitous gas, carbon monoxide (CO), is of substantial biological importance, but apart from its affinity for reduced transition metals, particularly heme-iron, it is surprisingly nonreactive-as is the ferrous-carbonyl-in living systems. CO does form strong complexes with heme proteins for which molecular O2 is the preferred ligand and to which are attributed diverse physiological, adaptive, and toxic effects. Lately, it has become apparent that both exogenous and endogenous CO produced by heme oxygenase engender a prooxidant milieu in aerobic mammalian cells which initiates signaling related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. ROS signaling contingent on CO can be segregated by CO concentration-time effects on cellular function, by the location of heme proteins, e.g., mitochondrial or nonmitochondrial sites, or by specific oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. The fundamental responses to CO involve overt physiological regulatory events, such as activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors or stress-activated kinases, which institute compensatory expression of antioxidant enzymes and other adaptations to oxidative stress. In contrast, responses originating from highly elevated or protracted CO exposures tend to be nonspecific, produce untoward biological oxidations, and interfere with homeostasis. This brief overview provides a conceptual framework for understanding CO biology in terms of this physiological-pathological hierarchy.
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“The functions of NO in mammalian systems extend beyond vascular signaling and are relevant in all organ systems, including but not limited to neuronal signaling, and host defense”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [738]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Piantadosi, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Piantadosi, Claude A.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 562-569
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2570053
- OpenAlex
- W2087826558
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL090679)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- carbon monoxide, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, heme proteins, heme oxygenase, pro-oxidant activity, redox signaling, stress-activated kinases, redox-sensitive transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, co-toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Carbon Monoxide, Hemeproteins, Humans, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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