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Cited by 12Aquaculture disease management and microbiotaInvertebrate Immune Response MechanismsCrustacean biology and ecology

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Enhanced immunity and hemocytes proliferation by three immunostimulants in tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus

Liu, Ximei, Xu, Zhen, Chang, Xueqing, Fang, James K.H., Song, Jie, He, Jinfeng, Tai, Zongguang, Zhu, Quangang, Hu, Menghong·2021·Fish & Shellfish Immunology
DOI 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.001
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Abstract

Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) is crucial in medical testing, but its industry in China has been restricted due to the decline of horseshoe crab population in recent years. Exploring methods of enhancing immunity and rapid hemocytes proliferation is urgent for the industrial horseshoe crab culture. In this study, β-glucan (G), peptidoglycan (P), and squalene (S) were injected to horseshoe crabs at two concentrations (5 and 10 mg/kg), in order to compare their effects on total hemocyte count (THC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and non-specific immune enzyme activities. Results showed that the THC, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased by three immunostimulants at different points of time; ROS was significantly increased except at two squalene groups; lysozyme (LZM) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity were increased except at low dose (5 mg/kg) squalene group; malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was decreased in all treatments; and hemocyanin concentration (HC) changed little during the experiment. At the 48th hour, THC, ROS, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, LZM, and AKP activities were significantly higher in the two peptidoglycan groups than those in the control group; the low dose β-glucan and squalene groups showed significantly higher SOD and CAT, but their THC and AKP were not significantly different from those of the control group. In general, all three immunostimulants stimulated the hemolymph parameters of horseshoe crabs, notably, peptidoglycan could significantly increase the THC and enzyme activities, suggesting that peptidoglycan can be developed as an efficient immunostimulant for horseshoe crabs.

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Metadata

Authors
Liu, X., Xu, Z., Chang, X., Fang, J. K. H., Song, J., He, J., Tai, Z., Zhu, Q., & Hu, M.
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Ocean University (CN)
  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
  • Tongji University (CN)
Corresponding author
Hu, Menghong
ORCID
Venue
Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-08
Volume
115
Pages
112-123
ISSN
1050-4648 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.001
OpenAlex
W3169792263
Cited by
12
References
63
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Fish & Shellfish Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
State Oceanic Administration
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Crustacean biology and ecology
Keywords
Tachypleus tridentatus, horseshoe crab, immunostimulants, peptidoglycan, β-glucan, squalene, hemocyte proliferation, hemocyte count, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, hemocyanin, tachypleus amebocyte lysate
MeSH terms
Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Hemocytes, Horseshoe Crabs, Immunity, Innate, Male, Peptidoglycan, Squalene, beta-Glucans, Cell Proliferation

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Enhanced immunity and hemocytes proliferation by three immunostimulants in tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.001
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Liu, X., Xu, Z., Chang, X., Fang, J. K. H., Song, J., He, J., Tai, Z., Zhu, Q., & Hu, M. (2021). Enhanced immunity and hemocytes proliferation by three immunostimulants in tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.001