Factors associated with early childhood caries in Chile
Open accessAbstract
To determine the prevalence of caries and identify the associated factors among children aged 2 and 4 years in southern Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 2,987 children. Dental examinations were performed in all participating children and a self-administered survey was administered to their primary caregivers. The statistical analysis included a zero inflated negative binomial regression model. The prevalence of caries was 20.3% for 2-year-olds and 52.7% for 4-year-olds. The factors associated with caries included the following: living in the Bio-Bío region, PR2year-old: 1.65 (1.10-2.47), PR4year-old: 1.44 (1.18-1.75) and having a low socioeconomic position, PR2year-old: 5.39 (2.14-13.57), PR4year-old: 3.71 (2.68-5.13) or a medium socioeconomic position, PR2year-old: 2.79 (1.06-7.33), PR4year-old: 2.70 (1.92-3.79). In 4-year-olds, a high frequency of consuming sugary drinks at bedtime (PR: 1.30; 1.06-1.59), not brushing teeth daily (PR: 1.37; 1.18-1.60), and the presence of gingivitis (PR: 1.64; 1.28-2.09) were also associated with caries. The high prevalence of caries in this young group is concerning. The factors associated with caries identified in this study could help in the design of preventive interventions at early ages. Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la caries en niños y niñas de 2 y 4 años de edad en el sur de Chile. Estudio transversal, con muestra probabilística de 2987 niños y niñas. Se realizaron exámenes dentales a los participantes y una encuesta autoadministrada a sus cuidadores. El análisis estadístico incluyó un modelo binomial negativo cero inflado. La prevalencia de caries fue del 20,3% (2 años de edad) y del 52,7% (4 años de edad). Los factores asociados a la caries fueron vivir en la región del Bio-Bío, RP2años: 1,65 (1,10-2,47), RP4años: 1,44 (1,18-1,75), y la posición socioeconómica baja, RP2años: 5,39 (2,14-13,57), RP4años: 3,71 (2,68-5,13), o media, RP2años: 2,79 (1,06-7,33), RP4años: 2,70 (1,92-3,79). En los niños y las niñas de 4 años de edad, la alta frecuencia de consumo de bebestibles azucarados antes de dormir (RP: 1,30; 1,06-1,59), no lavarse los dientes a diario (RP: 1,37; 1,18-1,60) y la gingivitis (RP: 1,64; 1,28-2,09) se asociaron a tener caries. Esta alta prevalencia de caries es preocupante. Los factores asociados a la caries identificados pueden ayudar en el diseño de intervenciones preventivas en etapas precoces.
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The vast majority of cross-sectional studies found evidence for a positive association between SSB consumption and dental caries.
“The vast majority of cross-sectional studies found evidence for a positive association between SSB consumption and dental caries [67, 69–82].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [72]
The majority of studies examining SSB intake and dental caries are cross-sectional, with several longitudinal studies and one intervention study.
“While the majority of studies examining SSB intake and dental caries are cross-sectional [67–82], there have been several longitudinal studies [83–88] and one intervention study [89].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [72]
One study found an association between dental caries and SSBs consumed at bedtime.
“Some studies examined how specific timing of SSB consumption affects dental caries, with one study [72] finding an association with dental caries and SSBs consumed at bedtime and another [69] finding an association with dental caries and SSBs consumed at nighttime among 3 year-olds and for SSBs consumed between meals among 5-year olds.”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [72]
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The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature
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- Authors
- Hoffmeister, L., Moya, P., Vidal, C., & Benadof, D.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Mayor (CL)
- Corresponding author
- Moya, Patricia
- Venue
- Gaceta Sanitaria
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-62
- ISSN
- 0213-9111 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2189991418
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 5.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Gaceta Sanitaria (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Scientific Electronic library online (Sciences Carlos III Health Institute) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- early childhood caries, caries prevalence, risk factors, socioeconomic status, toothbrushing frequency, gingivitis, southern Chile, Biobío Region, dental caries prevention, zero-inflated negative binomial regression, caregiver survey, oral health disparities, socioeconomic inequalities in oral health
- MeSH terms
- Beverages, Child Day Care Centers, Child, Preschool, Chile, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, DMF Index, Female, Gingivitis, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Toothbrushing, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Dietary Sucrose
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