Cited by 233Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerNuclear Structure and Function

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Enhancer and promoter interactions—long distance calls

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Krivega, Ivan, Dean, Ann·2012·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.001PMC PMC3342482

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Abstract

In metazoans, enhancers of gene transcription must often exert their effects over tens of kilobases of DNA. Over the past decade it has become clear that to do this, enhancers come into close proximity with target promoters with the looping away of intervening sequences. In a few cases proteins that are involved in the establishment or maintenance of these loops have been revealed but how the proper gene target is selected remains mysterious. Chromatin insulators had been appreciated as elements that play a role in enhancer fidelity through their enhancer blocking or barrier activity. However, recent work suggests more direct participation of insulators in enhancer-gene interactions. The emerging view begins to incorporate transcription activation by distant enhancers with large scale nuclear architecture and subnuclear movement.

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Authors: Krivega, I., & Dean, A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Dean, Ann
ORCID: Krivega, Ivan
Dean, Ann
Venue: Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-04
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 79-85
ISSN: 0959-437X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.001
PMC: PMC3342482
OpenAlex: W2116584178
Cited by: 225
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 1.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Current Opinion in Genetics & Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (ZIADK015508, ZIADK075033)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords: enhancer-promoter interactions, enhancer looping, chromatin insulators, enhancer blocking, long-range transcriptional regulation, nuclear organization
MeSH terms: Animals, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Humans, Models, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation, RNA, Untranslated

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Enhancer and promoter interactions—long distance calls

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