The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cybersecurity in Smart Railways: Exploring risks, vulnerabilities and mitigation in the data communication services
Open accessAbstract
Smart trains and railways are gaining increasing significance in major global cities as they offer solutions to issues like traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Technological advancements have facilitated the transition from conventional systems to more advanced, highly efficient, and personalized railway systems . However, the complexity of these systems presents challenges, especially in terms of reliability, interoperability security, and privacy. With the potential vulnerability of railway systems to cyberattacks, it becomes crucial for these emerging smart systems to establish stringent privacy and security requirements. Cybersecurity is a key requirement to enable railways to deploy and take advantage of the full extent of a connected, digital environment. This research explores the cybersecurity landscape within Smart Railways aiming to identify potential threats and associated risks on these systems, focusing on analyzing the current literature related to Smart Railways and cybersecurity aspects, then listing key technologies used by smart systems, and finally proposing an illustration of use cases application to call attention to the impact of attacks, providing then as a set of good practices that must be followed to reduce risks and to the safeguard the operability for Rail Transportation. The research findings suggest that over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in research activity in this area, indicating a growing recognition o…
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“Within the European Union, the NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) defines new obligations for operators of essential services, including railway transport [5,6,7,8,9,10].”
From Sensor-Based Cyber Risk Management in Railway Infrastructure Under the NIS2 Directive (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Cyber threats affecting railway sensors and IoT systems can be grouped into three main categories [1,5,14]:Data integrity attacks, such as spoofing, injection, or tampering with measurement values.”
From Sensor-Based Cyber Risk Management in Railway Infrastructure Under the NIS2 Directive (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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Sensor-Based Cyber Risk Management in Railway Infrastructure Under the NIS2 Directive
Wachnik, R., Chruzik, K., & Pochopień, B. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25237384 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Fernandes, T., Magalhães, J. P., & Alves, W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Técnica do Porto (PT)
- Centro de Inovação e Investigação em Ciências Empresariais e Sistemas de Informação (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Magalhães, João Paulo
- Venue
- Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-08
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 100305
- ISSN
- 2773-1537 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409151487
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/04728/2020)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Transportation Systems and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Cybersecurity and Information Systems
- Keywords
- smart railways, railway cybersecurity, cyberattacks, vulnerability (computer security), data communication services, privacy, risk mitigation, best practices, human factors in cybersecurity
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