The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of probable mental disorders and help-seeking behaviors among veteran and non-veteran community college students
Open accessAbstract
Objective Millions of disadvantaged youth and returning veterans are enrolled in community colleges. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders and help-seeking behaviors among community college students.Methods Veterans (n=211) and non-veterans (n=554) were recruited from 11 community colleges and administered screeners for depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), posttraumatic stress disorder (PC-PTSD), non-lethal self-injury, suicide ideation and suicide intent. The survey also asked about the perceived need for, barriers to and utilization of services. Regression analysis was used to compare prevalence between non-veterans and veterans adjusting for non-modifiable factors (age, gender and race/ethnicity).Results A large proportion of student veterans and non-veterans screened positive and unadjusted bivariate comparisons indicated that student veterans had a significantly higher prevalence of positive depression screens (33.1% versus 19.5%, P<.01), positive PTSD screens (25.7% versus 12.6%, P<.01) and suicide ideation (19.2% versus 10.6%, P=.01). Adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, veterans were significantly more likely than non-veterans to screen positive for depression (OR=2.10, P=.01) and suicide ideation (OR=2.31, P=.03). Student veterans had significantly higher odds of perceiving a need for treatment than non-veterans (OR=1.93, P=.02) but were more likely to perceive stigma (beta=0.28, P=.02). Despite greater need among veterans, there were no significant differences between veterans and non-veterans in use of psychotropic medications, although veterans were more likely to receive psychotherapy (OR=2.35, P=.046).Conclusions Findings highlight the substantial gap between the prevalence of probable mental health disorders and treatment seeking among community college students. Interventions are needed to link community college students to services, especially for student veterans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318160d093 · Cited by 4,527
Hoge, C. W., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Milliken, C. S. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.9.1023 · Cited by 2,027
Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students
Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008 · Cited by 1,949
Self-citationAdamson, D. M., Burnam, M. A., Burns, R. M., Caldarone, L. B., Cox, R. A., D’Amico, E. J., Díaz, C., Eibner, C., Fisher, G., Helmus, T. C., et al. (2008) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/mg720 · Cited by 1,713
Blanco, C., Okuda, M., Wright, C., Hasin, D. S., Grant, B. F., Liu, S.-M., & Olfson, M. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429 · Cited by 1,582
The Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics
Prins, A., Ouimette, P., Kimerling, R., Camerond, R. P., Hugelshofer, D. S., Shaw-Hegwer, J., Thrailkill, A., Gusman, F. D., & Sheikh, J. I. (2004) · Primary Care Psychiatry · doi:10.1185/135525703125002360 · Cited by 1,390
Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.1026 · Cited by 1,370
Stigma and Help Seeking for Mental Health Among College Students
Eisenberg, D., Downs, M. F., Golberstein, E., & Zivin, K. (2009) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558709335173 · Cited by 1,193 · cited 1×
“Personal stigma was measured using three items that asked the respondent to rate how they would characterize individuals receiving mental health treatment on a Likert scale from strongly agree (0) to strongly disagree (5) [28].”
MethodSelf-citationHelp-Seeking and Access to Mental Health Care in a University Student Population
Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Gollust, S. E. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e31803bb4c1 · Cited by 1,131
Self-citationHoldeman, T. C. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.2.273 · Cited by 741
Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2013) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31827ab077 · Cited by 728 · cited 3×
“Items and instruments used in the Healthy Minds Study [21,22] were used to collect information about sociodemographics, mental health, perceived need, barriers to care and treatment seeking.”
MethodSelf-citationMental Health Service Utilization Among College Students in the United States
Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., Speer, N., & Zivin, K. (2011) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182175123 · Cited by 633
Self-citationThe social consequences of psychiatric disorders, III: probability of marital stability
Kessler, R. C., Walters, E. E., & Forthofer, M. S. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.8.1092 · Cited by 518
The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Labor Market Outcomes
Ettner, S. L., Frank, R. G., & Kessler, R. C. (1997) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979399705100105 · Cited by 404
Weitzman, E. R. (2004) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000120885.17362.94 · Cited by 362
Help Seeking and Treatment Use Among Suicidal College Students
Downs, M. F., & Eisenberg, D. (2012) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2011.619611 · Cited by 358
Self-citationPrevalence and Correlates of Self-Injury Among University Students
Gollust, S. E., Eisenberg, D., & Golberstein, E. (2008) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.56.5.491-498 · Cited by 282
Self-citationThe burden of disease and injury in the United States 1996
Michaud, C. M., McKenna, M. T., Begg, S. J., Tomijima, N., Majmudar, M., Bulzacchelli, M. T., Ebrahim, S. H., Ezzati, M., Salomon, J. A., Kreiser, J. G., et al. (2006) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-4-11 · Cited by 216
National Profile of Community Colleges: Trends and Statistics, 4th Edition.
Phillippe, K. A., & Sullivan, L. G. (2000) · Cited by 193
Prevalence and effects of life event exposure among undergraduate and community college students.
Anders, S. L., Frazier, P. A., & Shallcross, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027753 · Cited by 119
Descriptive summary of 2003-04 beginning postsecondary students: Three years later
Berkner, L., Choy, S. P., & Hunt-White, T. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e475252008-001 · Cited by 87
Examining Factors That Increase and Decrease Stress in Adolescent Community College Students
Ahern, N. R., & Norris, A. E. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2010.07.011 · Cited by 74
Descriptive Summary of 2003-04 Beginning Postsecondary Students: Three Years Later. NCES 2008-174.
Berkner, L., & Choy, S. P. (2008) · National Center for Education Statistics · Cited by 67
Ellison, M. L., Mueller, L. N., Smelson, D. A., Corrigan, P. W., Stone, R. A. T., Bokhour, B. G., Najavits, L. M., Vessella, J. M., & Drebing, C. E. (2012) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/35.3.2012.209.217 · Cited by 54
Pfeiffer, P. N., Blow, A. J., Miller, E., Forman, J. H., Dalack, G. W., & Valenstein, M. M. (2012) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-12-00115 · Cited by 44
Self-citationCurrent Methods in Health Behavior Research Among U.S. Community College Students
Pokhrel, P., Little, M. A., & Herzog, T. A. (2013) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278713512125 · Cited by 40
Interventions by Virginia's Colleges to Respond to Student Mental Health Crises
Monahan, J., Bonnie, R. J., Davis, S. M., & Flynn, C. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.002082011 · Cited by 14
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Liu, C. H., Zhang, E., Wong, G. T. F., Hyun, S., & Hahm, H. “. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172 · Cited by 1,157
Lattie, E. G., Adkins, E. C., Winquist, N., Stiles-Shields, C., Wafford, Q. E., & Graham, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12869 · Cited by 843
Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among university undergraduate students
Mofatteh, M., Lincoln College, U. O. O., Merton College, U. O. O., & Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, U. O. O. (2021) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2021004 · Cited by 561
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder by Gender and Veteran Status
Lehavot, K., Katon, J. G., Chen, J. A., Fortney, J. C., & Simpson, T. L. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.09.008 · Cited by 299
Self-citationHuang, J.-P., Nigatu, Y., Smail-Crevier, R., Zhang, X., & Wang, J.-L. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.018 · Cited by 223
Metadata
- Authors
- Fortney, J. C., Curran, G. M., Hunt, J. B., Cheney, A. M., Lu, L., Valenstein, M., & Eisenberg, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (US)
- Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fortney, John C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 38
- Pages
- 99-104
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5734055
- OpenAlex
- W2200501458
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 16.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- National Institute of Mental Health (DM090465)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- student veterans, community college students, mental illness, help-seeking, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, stigma, barriers to mental health care, psychotropic drug use, psychotherapy utilization, treatment gap
- MeSH terms
- Help-Seeking Behavior, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Arkansas, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy, Psychotropic Drugs, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Students, Veterans, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult, Social Stigma, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
