Screening for psychological distress using the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS): Initial validation of structural validity in dialysis patients
Abstract
Objective To validate the factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS)- which is a composite measure of depression and anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), in a sample of haemodialysis patients. Method Screening data (n=182) used to select entry into a feasibility study of an online cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention for distress in dialysis patients were analysed here. Structural validity of the PHQ-ADS was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), assessing alternative models including a bi-factor model. In the bi-factor model all items from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 (16-items in total) were loaded onto a general distress factor. Respective items of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were specified as subgroup factors. Omega-hierarchical was calculated to indicate the level of saturation of a multidimensional scale by a general factor. Construct validity was determined against the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results A bi-factor PHQ-ADS model had good fit to the data (chi-square=96.1, p=0.26, CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02). The general distress factor accounted for approximately 84% of the explained variance (omega-h=0.90). Distress scores were significantly higher in females compare with males. There was a significant association between distress and negative illness perceptions (r=0.58, p Conclusions The PHQ-ADS appears to have good structural validity in ha…
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Psychological distress was conceptualized as a latent construct composed of depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms.
“Psychological distress . Was conceptualized as a latent construct composed of two observed indicators: symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7) and depressive symptoms (PHQ9). This decision follows theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that anxiety and depression share a common latent dimension of general distress [55].”
From Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress in Peruvian parents with school age children. (2026) · cites this paper as [55]
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Mental health and kidney disease
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SAÚDE MENTAL DE PACIENTES IDOSOS EM TRATAMENTO HEMODIALÍTICO: Uma revisão integrativa
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Validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for university students
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“The PHQ-9 has been compared with the GAD-7 (Beard et al., 2016; Chilcot et al., 2018; Ryan et al., 2013), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Kneipp et al., 2010), and the anxiety subscale of HADS (Cameron et al., 2008).”
Influential
- Authors
- Chilcot, J., Hudson, J. L., Moss-Morris, R., Carroll, A., Game, D., Simpson, A., & Hotopf, M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Chilcot, Joseph
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 50
- Pages
- 15-19
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2757569404
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of London
- National Institute for Health Research
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- psychological distress, hemodialysis patients, structural validity, bifactor model, depression screening, anxiety screening, illness perception, cognitive behavioral therapy, end-stage renal disease
- MeSH terms
- Patient Health Questionnaire, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Renal Dialysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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