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Assessment of transboundary river basins for potential hydro-political tensions
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“Tensions arising from limited water supplies are exacerbated by political factors, as illustrated in the Middle East [70].”
From Urban Stream and Wetland Restoration in the Global South—A DPSIR Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
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“This is particularly true in transboundary rivers that flow across political boundaries (De Stefano et al., 2017; Grey & Sadoff, 2003).”
BackgroundKoubi, V. (2019) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070830 · Cited by 485
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“Likewise, there is relatively little scientific focus on implications of climate variability and change for interstate armed conflict, beyond the role of trans-boundary rivers (e.g. Dinar et al., 2015; De Stefano et al., 2017; Petersen-Perlman, Veilleux & Wolf, 2017).”
BackgroundInternational conflict and cooperation over freshwater resources
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“They are also conflict-prone and attempts to solve the water sharing problems in the past have failed [104,105].”
High-resolution surface water dynamics in Earth’s small and medium-sized reservoirs
Donchyts, ., Winsemius, H., Baart, F., Dahm, R. J., Schellekens, J., Gorelick, N., Iceland, C., & Schmeier, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17074-6 · Cited by 123
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“On the other hand, con fl icts over transboundary waters may arise and be exacerbated due to agricultural irrigation expansion, population growth, and climate change (De Stefano et al., 2017; Eckstein, 2009; Gleick, 1993; Wolf, 2007).”
BackgroundYu, S., & Lu, H. (2018) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.033 · Cited by 92
Farinosi, F., Giupponi, C., Reynaud, A., Ceccherini, G., Carmona‐Moreno, C., de Roo, A. P. J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, D., & Bidoglio, G. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.001 · Cited by 87
Socio-hydrologic modeling of the dynamics of cooperation in the transboundary Lancang–Mekong River
Lu, Y., Tian, F., Guo, L., Borzì, I., Patil, R. J., Wei, J., Liu, D., Wei, Y., Yu, D. J., & Sivapalan, M. (2021) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-25-1883-2021 · Cited by 86
“Researchers have spent considerable efforts to analyze and understand the aforementioned question through empirical research and modeling efforts (De Stefano et al., 2017; De Bruyne and Fischhendler, 2013; Bernauer et al., 2012; Beck et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBeyond internal conflict: The emergent practice of climate security
Busby, J. W. (2020) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343320971019 · Cited by 88
“For transboundary rivers, we have an appreciation for how river basin management institutions can reduce conflict risks by allocating water, dealing with shocks, and resolving disputes (Tir & Stinnett, 2012; De Stefano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundAssessing Water Scarcity Using the Water Poverty Index (WPI) in Golestan Province of Iran
Shalamzari, M. J., & Zhang, W. (2018) · Water · doi:10.3390/w10081079 · Cited by 76
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Benson, D. B., Gain, A. K., & Giupponi, C. (2019) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-019-00733-5 · Cited by 73
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Opportunities to curb hydrological alterations via dam re-operation in the Mekong
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“Many of these dams will be located in the least-developed and transboundary basins 48 .”
Scarcity and quality risks for future global urban water supply
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“2a), we classified the water quality risk into four levels (De Stefano et al. 2017): low (i.e. no risk) (HFI < 6) (less than 0.5 mg N L −1 ), medium (6 ≤ HFI < 8) (0.5 to 1.0 mg N L −1 ), high (8 ≤ HFI < 10) (1.0 to 2.0 mg N L −1 ) and very high (HFI > 10) (over 2.0 mg N L −1 ).”
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“The Swiss Trift region in the European Alps is an interesting case for investigating how governance processes related to an upstream reservoir inhibit multi-purpose water use because (1) it is part of the Rhine basin, one of the top five most important worldwide water towers (Immerzeel et al., 2020), (2) its cryospher…”
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Garg, K. K. K., Anantha, K. H., Nune, R., Akuraju, V. R., Singh, P., Gumma, M. K., Dixit, S., & Ragab, R. (2020) · Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100732 · Cited by 43
“There is increasing concern among different sectors/stakeholders for their water share at local, regional and national scale (Punjabi and Johnson, 2016; Stefano et al., 2017; Avellán et al., 2017; Atef et al., 2019; Veise et al., 2020).”
BackgroundStefano, L. D., & Hernández-Mora, N. (2018) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-018-1318-6 · Cited by 41
“The former has also been observed in international rivers, where the construction of infrastructure in the absence of adequate institutional capacity has been identified as a cause of transboundary tensions (Wolf et al. 2003; De Stefano et al. 2017).”
BackgroundFeng, Y., Wang, W., & Liu, J. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11102096 · Cited by 38
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“Despite their importance many transboundary watersheds have not implemented data sharing provisions [20,22,23], further exacerbating the challenges of sparse snow data.”
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Rad, A. M., Kreitler, J. R., Abatzoglou, J. T., Fallon, K., Roche, K. R., & Sadegh, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154419 · Cited by 36
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Yu, S., & Lu, H. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.172 · Cited by 35
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Self-citationGlobal disparities in transboundary river research have implications for sustainable management
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“The database allows ,whatthissuggestsaboutcurrentchallengesandgaps, andtheextenttowhichresearchisconcentratedinbasinsidenti fi ed as being atgreatestriskofcon fl ict 67 .”
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“This is the conclusion several researchers reached after conducting a global assessment of transboundary watersheds and their likelihood of water-related conflict (Farinosi et al., 2018; De Stefano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWei, Y., Wei, J., Li, G., Wu, S., Yu, D. J. H., Ghoreishi, M., Lu, Y., Souza, F. A. A., Sivapalan, M., & Tian, F. (2022) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-26-2131-2022 · Cited by 29
“They include site-specific and topic-specific studies on the impacts of spatial location, water availability, external water dependency, climate change, and infrastructure development in transboundary river basins (De Stefano et al., 2017; Furlong et al., 2006; Nordås and Gleditsch, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialde Bruin, S., Schmeier, S., van Beek, R., & Gülpen, M. (2023) · International Journal of Water Resources Development · doi:10.1080/07900627.2023.2184650 · Cited by 28
“Since our study has a longer time horizon than De Stefano et al. (2017), we replaced and adapted the hydroclimatic data, hydropower dam construction and socio-economic indicators with data that were already available or specifically developed for this study.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTransboundary governance in the La Plata River basin: status and prospects
Villar, P. C., Ribeiro, W. C., & Sant’Anna, F. M. (2018) · Water International · doi:10.1080/02508060.2018.1490879 · Cited by 28
“Since there are different kinds of institutional development of RBOs, good governance and cooperation are not effected by the simple presence of these institutions (De Stefano et al., 2017; Schmeier, 2012; Schmeier et al., 2016).”
BackgroundDembélé, M., Salvadore, E., Zwart, S. J., Ceperley, N., Mariethoz, G., & Schaefli, B. (2023) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130092 · Cited by 28
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“…water use equals or exceeds available resources, as pollution increases and countries seek to develop water resources to foster economic growth (De Stefano et al., 2017), including in the Asi‐Orontes (Bernauer & Böhmelt, 2014) Jordan (Jägerskog, 2003), Nile (Whittington et al., 2014), and…”
BackgroundTransboundary water scarcity under climate change
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Ward, F. A. (2025) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-025-04341-0 · Cited by 25
“These disputes span scales— from local farmer-user conflicts to international tensions across shared river basins—and reflect structural mismatches between growing water demand and finite or declining supply (Zeitoun and Mirumachi 2008; De Stefano et al. 2017 ).”
Tran, T. A., & Tortajada, C. (2022) · Environmental Policy and Governance · doi:10.1002/eet.1980 · Cited by 25
“…commons in contemporary studies is well aligned with the growing literature on climate change and water politics revolving around hydropower development (de Stefano et al., 2017; Gerlak & Schmeier, 2014; Green et al., 2013; Milman et al., 2013; Suhardiman & Middleton, 2020; Timmerman et al., 2017).”
BackgroundGlobal climate, El Niño, and militarized fisheries disputes in the East and South China Seas
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Sediment load crisis in the Mekong River Basin: Severe reductions over the decades
Chua, S. D. X., & Lu, X. (2022) · Geomorphology · doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108484 · Cited by 24
Kim, D.-H., Lee, H., Jung, H. C., Hwang, E., Hossain, F., Bonnema, M., Kang, D., & Getirana, A. (2020) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs12010195 · Cited by 24
“, providing water in drought or storing water in floods), but the construction of large dams in upstream countries can cause potential hydro-political tensions since it leads to substantial changes in available water resources, which can adversely affect downstream riparian countries [10].”
BackgroundDiagnosis of sustainability of trans-boundary water governance in the Great Lakes basin
Talukder, B., & Hipel, K. W. (2020) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104855 · Cited by 24
Omer, A., Yuan, X., & Gemitzi, A. (2023) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110414 · Cited by 23
Döring, S. (2020) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102147 · Cited by 22
“A large body of research sought to identify those river basins most prone to conflict, and how institutions mitigate water disputes (De Stefano et al., 2017; Yoffe et al., 2004; Bernauer and Böhmelt, 2014; Barquet et al., 2014; Swain, 2004; Wolf, 1999; Böhmelt et al., 2014).”
Integrating socio-hydrology, and peace and conflict research
Döring, S., Kim, K., & Swain, A. (2024) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131000 · Cited by 21
“In some cases, downstream states challenge upstream rights over river flow, creating “ hydro-hegemons ” (Wolf 1999b; De Stefano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundTransboundary conflict from surface water scarcity under climate change
Jiang, R., Lu, H. M., Chen, D., Yang, K., Guan, D., Huang, G., & Tian, F. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63568-y · Cited by 25
“This is in line with previous research 19,59 .”
Skoulikaris, C. (2021) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-021-02983-4 · Cited by 21
Arid fields where conflict grows: How drought drives extremist violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Maconga, C. W. (2023) · World Development Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100472 · Cited by 18
Rogers, S., Fung, Z., Lamb, V., Gamble, R., Wilmsen, B., Wu, F., & Han, X. Z. (2023) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12685 · Cited by 21
Assessing the Indus Waters Treaty from a comparative perspective
Zawahri, N. A., & Michel, D. (2018) · Water International · doi:10.1080/02508060.2018.1498994 · Cited by 20
“Research reveals that treaties and institutions are important for averting conflict in basins that are undergoing rapid environmental or development changes (De Stefano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundHow to Resolve Transboundary River Water Sharing Disputes
Hossen, M. A., Connor, J. D., & Ahammed, F. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15142630 · Cited by 19
Factors Affecting Transboundary Water Disputes: Nile, Indus, and Euphrates–Tigris River Basins
Azizi, M. A., & Leandro, J. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17040525 · Cited by 17
Co-creating water knowledge: a community perspective
Castelli, G., Howard, B. C., Adyel, T. M., AghaKouchak, A., Agramont, A., Aksoy, H., Alba, R., Alencar, P. H. L., Amanambu, A. C., Aslam, H., et al. (2025) · Hydrological Sciences Journal · doi:10.1080/02626667.2025.2571065 · Cited by 17
“National borders do not confine these issues; they affect continents, countries, and communities to varying degrees, and are influenced by a complex interplay of geographical, climatological, political, and socioeconomic factors (De Stefano et al .”
Influence of climate change and anthropogenic factors on the Ile River basin streamflow, Kazakhstan
Talipova, E. K., Shrestha, S., Alimkulov, S. K., Nyssanbayeva, A. S., Tursunova, A., & Isakan, G. (2021) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08152-6 · Cited by 17
“These consequences will lead to an increase in the pressure on water resources (Chen et al. 2018) and, as a consequence, to an increase in international conflicts over water resources in Central Asia (Bernauer and Siegfried 2012; De Stefano et al. 2017).”
BackgroundXu, H., Chen, L., & Li, Q. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123314 · Cited by 17
García, E. B., Wishart, M. J., Ueda, S., Pisaniello, J. D., Tingey-Holyoak, J. L., & Lyon, K. N. (2020) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1242-2 · Cited by 17
Shams, A. K., & Muhammad, N. S. (2022) · Ain Shams Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101842 · Cited by 17
Local sources of vulnerability to climate change and armed conflicts in East Africa
Cappelli, F., Costantini, V., D’Angeli, M., Marin, G., & Paglialunga, E. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120403 · Cited by 16
Water Security and Cross-Border Water Management in the Kabul River Basin
Moorthy, R., & Bibi, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15010792 · Cited by 14
“In cross-border water basins, the construction of new reservoirs and deviation points can affect tail-region riparian’s, which frequently results in tensioned relations [36].”
Schmeier, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2023.1283612 · Cited by 14
Design and change in transboundary freshwater agreements
Bruyne, C. D., Fischhendler, I., & Haftel, Y. Z. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02768-5 · Cited by 14
“…research that presents this as a key design feature for maintaining the stability of institutions and their ability to overcome the collective action problems (Giordano and Wolf 2003) and strengthen the institutional resilience of transboundary water treaties in particular (De Stefano et al. 2017).”
BackgroundShahbazbegian, M., & Noori, R. (2022) · Hydrology · doi:10.3390/hydrology9120207 · Cited by 13
Totaling river discharge of the third pole from satellite imagery
Xu, J., Wang, L., Yao, T., Chen, D., Wang, G., Jing, Z., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2024.114181 · Cited by 18
Nguyen, N. T. B., Du, T. L. T., Park, H., Chang, C., Choi, S.-H., Chae, H.-S., Nelson, E. J., Hossain, F., Kim, D.-H., & Lee, H. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15184563 · Cited by 14
Meteorological drought and trend effects on transboundary river basins in Afghanistan
Hayat, E., & Tayfur, G. (2023) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-023-04602-1 · Cited by 12
“Hence, the cooperation is required to enlarge the set of options under the consideration and to prevent the transfer of vulnerabilities across the borders (de Stefano et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe Role of Water Stress in Instability and Conflict
McQuaid, J., Thuringer, C. B., Jackson, D. O., Hanson, L. D., & King, M. D. (2018) · AGUFM · Cited by 12
Ly, K., Metternicht, G. I., & Marshall, L. A. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149828 · Cited by 12
Basin-Wide Water Resources Management Strategies Improve Cooperation Effectiveness and Benefits
Zhang, B., Yu, L. J., Zhu, T., Fu, G., Zhang, C., & Xu, M. (2022) · Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001526 · Cited by 12
Liu, C., Yang, K., Bennett, M. M., Lü, X., Guo, Z., & Li, M. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abcf77 · Cited by 11
“Given these rivers’ geopolitical complexity and competing societal, economic, and environmental demands, conflicts frequently emerge over transboundary river management (Wolf et al 2003, De Stefano et al 2017, Gleason and Hamdan 2017).”
BackgroundMixing waters: stakeholder influence in transboundary water conflict and cooperation
Offutt, A. (2022) · Water International · doi:10.1080/02508060.2022.2059322 · Cited by 11
“Other analyses focus on the intervening factors that can combine with other conditions to encompass elements of water use and stress, including the role of hydrologic infrastructure in exacerbating state dynamics (De Stefano et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRethinking the link between climate and violent conflict over water
Warner, J. F. (2023) · International Development Planning Review · doi:10.3828/idpr.2023.15 · Cited by 10
Scientometrics and overview of water, environment, and sustainable development goals
Karri, R. R., Mubarak, N. M., Bhagat, S. K., Tiyasha, T., Lingamdinne, L. P., Koduru, J. R., Ravindran, G., Tyagi, I., & Dehghani, M. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15354-9.00021-9 · Cited by 10
Hydroeconomic Analysis: History, Status, and Possibilities
Ward, F. A. (2024) · Water Economics and Policy · doi:10.1142/s2382624x24300032 · Cited by 10
Steep sustainability challenges in transboundary basins worldwide
Zhou, Y., Di, Y., Huang, X., Fu, S., Qi, X., He, C., & Destouni, G. (2025) · Environmental Science and Ecotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ese.2025.100611 · Cited by 10
“Transboundary hydrological basins traverse international borders, connecting nations in a complex network of water, environmental, political, economic, and security-related interdependencies [1,2] and play an essential role in the Earth System [3,4].”
Navigating a just and peaceful transition: Environment of Peace (Part 3)
Dabelko, G. D., Barnhoorn, A., Bell, N., Bell-Moran, D., Broek, E., Eberlein, A., Gadnert, A., Remling, E., Staudenmann, J., Alvarado, J., et al. (2022) · doi:10.55163/bhyr7656 · Cited by 12
Desalination and Transboundary Water Conflict and Cooperation: A Mixed-Method Empirical Approach
Walschot, M., & Katz, D. L. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14121925 · Cited by 9
Gender Dynamics in Transboundary Water Governance
Sehring, J., ter Horst, R., & Zwarteveen, M. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003198918 · Cited by 12
Large-Scale Hydrological Models and Transboundary River Basins
Skoulikaris, C. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16060878 · Cited by 9
Lu, H., & Yu, S. (2018) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3574-x · Cited by 9
A Shared Vision on the Transboundary Water Management Challenges of the Tagus River Basin
Sondermann, M. N., & de Oliveira, R. P. (2021) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-021-02973-6 · Cited by 9
Regional Cooperative Disaster Risk Management in Central Asian Borderlands
Mavlyanova, N. G., Липатов, В. А., & Tiefenbacher, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Borderlands Studies · doi:10.1080/08865655.2021.1943493 · Cited by 8
“Most transboundary cooperation treaties have grown out of conflicts and, in the environmental realm, they have primarily concentrated on water management (De Stefano et al. 2017).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- De Stefano, L., Petersen-Perlman, J. D., Sproles, E. A., Eynard, J., & Wolf, A. T.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Venue
- Global Environmental Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 35-46
- ISSN
- 0959-3780 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2615572742
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 36.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Global Environmental Change (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Global Environment Facility
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Transboundary Water Resource Management
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Water Governance and Infrastructure
- Social Sciences › Law › Water Resources and Governance
- Keywords
- transboundary water disputes, water politics, transboundary river basins, water infrastructure, international water agreements, river basin organizations, water variability, terrestrial water storage, armed conflict, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central America, South America, Balkans, Africa
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