CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 110Conducting polymers and applicationsDielectric materials and actuatorsPolymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 268 of the 271 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 3 are not checked yet.

Insights into properties, synthesis and emerging applications of polypyrrole-based composites, and future prospective: A review

Open access
Sood, Yuvika, Singh, Kartika, Mudila, Harish, Lokhande, P.E., Singh, Lakhveer, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Anil, Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar, Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi·2024·Heliyon
DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33643PMC PMC11255519
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent advancements in polymer science and engineering underscore the importance of creating sophisticated soft materials characterized by well-defined structures and adaptable properties to meet the demands of emerging applications. The primary objective of polymeric composite technology is to enhance the functional utility of materials for high-end purposes. Both the inherent qualities of the materials and the intricacies of the synthesis process play pivotal roles in advancing their properties and expanding their potential applications. Polypyrrole (PPy)-based composites, owing to their distinctive properties, hold great appeal for a variety of applications. Despite the limitations of PPy in its pure form, these constraints can be effectively overcome through hybridization with other materials. This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the existing literature on PPy and PPy-based composites, providing in-depth insights into their synthesis, properties, and applications. Special attention is given to the advantages of intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) and PPy in comparison to other ICPs. The impact of doping anions, additives, and oxidants on the properties of PPy is also thoroughly examined. By delving into these aspects, this overview aims to inspire researchers to delve into the realm of PPy-based composites, encouraging them to explore new avenues for flexible technology applications.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33643

Cites

268 of 271 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Mechanism of Electropolymerization of pyrrole [38].
Fig. 1 Mechanism of Electropolymerization of pyrrole [38].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the conducting polymer nanosphere formation.
Fig. 2 Schematic representation of the conducting polymer nanosphere formation.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 (a) I–V plots of PPy-FP, PTSA-PPy-FP, CSA-PPy-FP, and HCl-PPy-FP. (b) Possible conductivity range of insulator to metallic conductor [97].
Fig. 3 (a) I–V plots of PPy-FP, PTSA-PPy-FP, CSA-PPy-FP, and HCl-PPy-FP. (b) Possible conductivity range of insulator to metallic conductor [97].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 SEM images of the surface of (a) raw cotton and (b–g) PPy/cotton composites with different Py/FeCl3 ratios [119].
Fig. 4 SEM images of the surface of (a) raw cotton and (b–g) PPy/cotton composites with different Py/FeCl3 ratios [119].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 In situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole onto textile fabrics.
Fig. 5 In situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole onto textile fabrics.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 (a) Schematic illustration of 3-D nanostructure of GNP/MWCNT/PPy and interactions between GNPs, MWCNTs and PPy (b) Shielding mechanism of GNP/MWCNT/PPy/PU nanohybrid (c) Results of GNP/MWCNT/PPy/PU with different PPy contents [126].
Fig. 6 (a) Schematic illustration of 3-D nanostructure of GNP/MWCNT/PPy and interactions between GNPs, MWCNTs and PPy (b) Shielding mechanism of GNP/MWCNT/PPy/PU nanohybrid (c) Results of GNP/MWCNT/PPy/PU with different PPy contents [126].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 7 Step-by-step synthesis of PPy actuator.
Fig. 7 Step-by-step synthesis of PPy actuator.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 8 The formation of polymer/AuNPs-GOx-based nanocomposites by enzymatic polymerization.
Fig. 8 The formation of polymer/AuNPs-GOx-based nanocomposites by enzymatic polymerization.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 9 Schematic representation of the formation of PPy-NW/graphene composite.
Fig. 9 Schematic representation of the formation of PPy-NW/graphene composite.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 10 (a) SEM images of PPy microspheres and core shell PPy@ PANI composites with different PANI content: PPy@PANI-0.4 (b), PPy@PANI-0.8 (c), PPy@PANI-1.2 (d), PPy@PANI-1.6 €, and PPy@PANI-2.0 (f). Schematic illustration of preparing core shell PPy@PANI composites (g), RL curves of PPy@PANI at some different matching thicknesses (h) [147].
Fig. 10 (a) SEM images of PPy microspheres and core shell PPy@ PANI composites with different PANI content: PPy@PANI-0.4 (b), PPy@PANI-0.8 (c), PPy@PANI-1.2 (d), PPy@PANI-1.6 €, and PPy@PANI-2.0 (f). Schematic illustration of preparing core shell PPy@PANI composites (g), RL curves of PPy@PANI at some different matching thicknesses (h) [147].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 11 The synthesis process ofPPy–treated fabrics is by ultrasound deposition to eradicate the bacteria [226].
Fig. 11 The synthesis process ofPPy–treated fabrics is by ultrasound deposition to eradicate the bacteria [226].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 12 Selectivity of PPy sensor [250].
Fig. 12 Selectivity of PPy sensor [250].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 13 The response curves of (a) neat PPy polymer matrix, 3 wt% PPy/GNR, and 3 wt% PPy/SnO2/GNR nanocomposites with exposure of various concentrations of NH3 at room temperature. The sensing repeatability and reversibility of the 3 wt% PPy/SnO2/GNR sensor with exposure of (b) 1 ppm and (c) 2 ppm NH3 at room temperature [257].
Fig. 13 The response curves of (a) neat PPy polymer matrix, 3 wt% PPy/GNR, and 3 wt% PPy/SnO2/GNR nanocomposites with exposure of various concentrations of NH3 at room temperature. The sensing repeatability and reversibility of the 3 wt% PPy/SnO2/GNR sensor with exposure of (b) 1 ppm and (c) 2 ppm NH3 at room temperature [257].CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 271 references

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Kumari, 2020, Jo ur na l P re of, Phys. B Phys. Condens. Matter.
  2. Gu, 2016, Structural , optical and electrical properties of polypyrrole in ionic liquid, Poly, Bulletin, 2625
  3. Khan, 2019, Synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties of polypyrrole–bimetallic oxide composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 47680, 2
  4. Huasheng, 2011, vol.464, 221
  5. V Thombare, 2014, Optical properties of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole thin films, J. of Semicomductors, 35, 1
  6. V Thombare, 2012, vol. 1, 1
  7. Marimuthu, 2017, Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole/copper (II) oxide nanocomposite electrolyte for fuel cell application, J. Appl. Chem., 10, 51
  8. German, 2019, Formation of polyaniline and polypyrrole nanocomposites with embedded glucose oxidase and gold nanoparticles, Polymers (Basel), 11, 377, 10.3390/polym11020377 · DOI
  9. Bahrami, 2015, Surface plasmon sensor based on polypyrrole multiwalled carbon nanotube composite layer to detect Al (III) in aqueous solution, Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostructures., 10, 535
  10. Raftani, 2020, Organic compounds based on pyrrole and terphenyl for organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) applications : design and electro-optical properties, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 11, 933
  11. Ullah, 2017, Polypyrrole/TiO2composites for the application of photocatalysis, Sensors Actuators, B Chem., 241, 1161, 10.1016/j.snb.2016.10.019 · DOI
  12. Sood, 2022, Influence of polypyrrole morphology on gas sensing influence of polypyrrole morphology on gas sensing, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2267
  13. Arani, 2016, Vibration analysis of nanocomposite microplates integrated with sensor and actuator layers using polypyrrole, Polymers, 1
  14. Ahmed, 2018, Synthesis and structural characterization of polypyrrole (PPy) - chitosan (Cs) nanocomposite : influence of UV irradiation, Global Journal of Physics, 7
  15. Kabita, 2015, Polypyrrole nanonetwork embedded in polyvinyl alcohol as ammonia gas sensor, Res. J. Chem. Sci. Res. J. Chem. Sci., 5, 2231

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 110

Related

Metadata

Authors
Sood, Y., Singh, K., Mudila, H., Lokhande, P. E., Singh, L., Kumar, D., Kumar, A., Mubarak, N. M., & Dehghani, M. H.
Affiliations
  • Lovely Professional University (IN)
  • Metropolitan University of Technology (CL)
  • Sardar Patel University Mandi (IN)
  • Universiti Teknologi Brunei (BN)
  • Center for Solid Waste Research (IR)
Corresponding author
  • Kumar, Anil
  • Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar
  • Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi
ORCID
Venue
Heliyon
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-07
Volume
10
Issue
13
Pages
e33643
ISSN
2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33643
PMC
PMC11255519
OpenAlex
W4400080199
Cited by
106
References
271
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 6
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Dielectric materials and actuators
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
Keywords
polypyrrole, conducting polymers, polymer composites, anion doping, oxidant effects, additives, polymer synthesis, polymer properties, flexible electronics, hybrid materials

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review